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Epilogue Fitting the Pieces Together

Epilogue Fitting the Pieces Together. Epilogue: Fitting the Pieces Together. Infants (Birth to Age 2) Rapid growth of body and brain Sensorimotor period 2-word sentences Self recognition in the mirror Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust Attachment. Preschool Children (Ages 2-5).

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Epilogue Fitting the Pieces Together

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  1. EpilogueFitting the Pieces Together

  2. Epilogue: Fitting the Pieces Together • Infants (Birth to Age 2) • Rapid growth of body and brain • Sensorimotor period • 2-word sentences • Self recognition in the mirror • Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust • Attachment

  3. Preschool Children (Ages 2-5) • Gross and fine motor control improves • Preoperational thinkers • Unrealistically high self-esteem • Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt • Developing theory of mind attachment still central • Social skills improving

  4. School-Age Children (Ages 6-11) • Refined motor skills • Concrete operational thinkers • Private speech (Vygotsky) • Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority • More realistic self-concept emerges • Preconventional morality • Increased time with peers

  5. Adolescents ( Ages 12-19) • Adjustment to growth spurt and maturity • Formal operational thinking possible • Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion • Begin making decisions about their lives • Increased peer involvement • 20% experience emotional upheaval

  6. Young Adults (Ages 20-39) • Peak of strength, endurance, RT, perceptual abilities, and sexual maturity • Effective cognitive functioning • Conventional morality for most • Postconventional morality a possibility • Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation • Marriage and commitment • High divorce rates

  7. Middle-Aged Adults (40-64) • Gradual but noticeable physical declines • Crystallized intelligence increases • Expertise allows peaks of achievement • Erikson: Generativity vs. Stagnation • Midlife crisis rare • Empty nest, Androgyny • Freedom and satisfaction the rule

  8. Older Adults (age 65 and up) • Some losses, some gains, many satisfactions • Generally some physical impairment • Slower processing, expertise maintained • Self-esteem and life satisfaction high • Erikson: Integrity vs. Despair • Diversity of lifestyle: active to passive • Personality is stable

  9. Major Themes in Human Development-1 • Nature and nurture truly interact • Multiple causal forces • E.g., cell chemistry to prevailing culture • We are whole persons throughout life • Intermeshing of physical, cognitive, personal, and social development

  10. Major Themes in Human Development-2 • Development proceeds in multiple directions • Orthogenic principle: Single cell to mature endpoint • Gains and losses at all ages • Continuity and Discontinuity • Stages • Lifelong trait stability

  11. Major Themes in Human Development-3 • There is much plasticity in development • Capacity to change in response to environment • Early experiences rarely make or break us • Offset by favorable later experiences • Individuals becoming more diverse with age • Elderly adults are the most diverse group

  12. Major Themes in Human Development-4 • We develop in a cultural and historical context (Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner) • We are active in our own development • Piaget • Development is a lifelong process • Development best viewed from multiple perspectives

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