HEALTH IV CPR, FIRST AID & AED

1. HEALTH IVCPR, FIRST AID & AED SECTION I Responding to an Emergency

2. Stayin Alive

3. Recognizing and Responding • Odors- Stronger than usual, unrecognizable, burning • Sights- Spilled medicine, broken glass, electrical wires, smoke/fire • Noises- Screams, yells, calls for help, breaking glass, crashing metal. • Appearances/Behaviors- Trouble breathing, clutching chest or throat, confused, sweating, unconscious

4. Deciding to Act Video Segment

5. what would you do?

6. Why do people not get involved in an emergency? • Presence of other people • Uncertainty about the victim • Type of injury or illness • Fear of catching disease • Fear of doing something wrong • Fear of being sued • Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1

7. What are Good Samaritan Laws? • Legal protection for people who willingly provide emergency care • Required to use common sense • Use a reasonable level of skill • Do not exceed scope of training • Attempt to prevent further injury

8. Chain of Survival (How EMS System works in the community) • Citizen Response • Calling 9-1-1 or local emergency # • First Responder care • EMT Care • Hospital Care

9. What must a person do while obtaining consent? • You must get consent before caring for a conscious victim. • State your name. • Tell the victim you are trained in First Aid. • Ask if you can help. • Explain what you think might be wrong. • Explain what you plan to do. • If the victim refuses care, do not care for, and call 9-1-1. • If the victim is unconscious, consent is implied.

10. Blood Borne Pathogens

11. How are diseases transmitted? • Contact with body fluids • Contact through the air • Contact through contaminated water and food products • Contact through animals and insects

12. Basic Precautions to Prevent Disease Transmission • If a spill occurs; - Clean up immediately. - Use disposable gloves, if available. - Wipe up the spill with absorbent materials. - Flood the area with bleach and water for 20 minutes. - Dispose of contaminated materials appropriately.

13. Removing Gloves • Partially remove first glove. • Remove second glove. • Finish removing both gloves. • Discard gloves in an appropriate container. • Wash hands immediately and thoroughly.

14. Three key steps to take in an emergency. • Check the scene and the victim • Call or have someone else call 9-1-1 • Care for the victim’s life-threatening conditions.

15. Call First vs. Call Fast (when a responder is alone) • Call First is used when time factor is critical. Call 9-1-1 before giving care. - Cardiac Emergencies - Sudden collapse of a child or infant. - An unconscious adult or child over 12. - An unconscious infant or child known to have high-risk heart problems.

16. Call First vs. Call Fast (cont.) (when a responder is alone) • Call Fast requires the responder to provide 2 minutes of care, then call 9-1-1. Likely to be breathing emergencies. -Any unconscious victim less than 12 years old. - Any victim submerged or near drowning. - Any victim of cardiac arrest associated with trauma. - Any victim of drug overdose.

17. Move a victim only if… • The scene becomes unsafe. • You have to reach another victim who may have a more serious injury or illness. • You need to move a victim to provide proper care. Refer to manual pages 23-25

18. What are some types of injuries and illnesses that would be considered potentially life threatening? • Unconscious • Not breathing or trouble breathing • Choking • Persistent chest pain • No signs of life (normal breathing or movement) • Severe bleeding • Severe burns • Shock • Seizures (that recur, last more than 5 minutes, result from injury or involve someone pregnant, diabetic or a person who fails to regain consciousness after a seizure)

19. First Aid Challenge on page 23 • In an emergency with more than one victim, you may need to prioritize care. • Decide for each situation who needs care first.

20. Checking a Conscious Adult • An “adult” is defined as someone who is about 12 years of age or older. • After checking the scene, you should check the adult for life-threatening conditions. • Obtain consent to give care. • A head to toe examination should be done to check a conscious adult. • Care for the person based on the conditions found. • Take steps to minimize shock.

21. Checking a Conscious Victim Imagine you hear a call for help. You find a person lying at the bottom of a ladder. The person is trying to sit up.

22. What information should you gather? • Is the scene safe? • Is the victim conscious? • Is the victim breathing? • Does the victim show signs of circulation? • Is the victim bleeding severely? • Does the victim have a possible head, back or neck injury? • Does the victim have any other injuries?

23. What information should you ask the victim? • Can I help you? • What is your name? • Do you have any pain? • Do you have any allergies? • Are you taking any medication? • Are you feeling any numbness or loss of sensation? • When did you last eat or drink something?

24. Practice & Skill Test Checking a Conscious Adult

25. Shock

26. What is shock? • Shock is a life-threatening condition in which not enough blood is being delivered o all parts of the body and can result from injury or illness. This triggers a series of responses that produce specific signals known as shock.

27. What types of injuries cause shock? • Severe Bleeding • Serious Internal Injury • Significant Fluid Loss • Cardiac Emergencies • Strokes • Seizures • Diabetic Reactions • Poisoning and Allergic Reactions • Bites and Stings • Emotional Trauma

28. The signals of shock are… • Restlessness or Irritability • Altered Consciousness • Nausea • Pale or ashen, cool, moist skin • Rapid Breathing • Rapid Pulse • Excessive Thirst

29. Caring for Shock • Call 9-1-1 immediately. • Have the person lie down. • Control any external bleeding. • Elevate legs 12 inches unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries or injuries to the legs and/or hips. • Maintain normal body temperature. • Do not give the person anything to eat or drink. • Reassure the person. • Continue to monitor ABC’s.

30. Checking an Unconscious Victim • ABC’s - Open the Airway using a head- tilt/chin-lift - Check for Breathing or movement - Check for Circulation or signs of life

31. Video Segments Checking an Unconscious Adult & Rescue Breaths

32. Checking an unconscious adult and child

33. Unconscious Victim • Check the victim; tap the shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?” • If no response, Call 9-1-1. • If face down, roll victim over. Open airway with a head/tilt, chin-lift. • Look, Listen & Feel for 10 seconds. • If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths. • If the person is breathing, place in a recovery position and monitor ABC’s. • If the person is not breathing, quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get into position to start CPR.

34. If victim shows signs of life… • Place the victim in the recovery position or the H.A.I.N.E.S position. Refer to page 46

35. Recovery Position vs. H.A.IN.E.S Position: • a person may be unconscious but breathing normally and showing signs of life place in recovery position. • a person may vomit, roll them to one side and clear the mouth. • If you are alone, and have to leave the person for any reason, place in recovery position. • Place a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, place them in the High Arm In Endangered Spine position.

36. Practice & Skill Test Checking an Unconscious Adult & Rescue Breaths