Sigmund Freud & The Psychological Revolution

1. Sigmund Freud & The Psychological Revolution

2. “Intentionalism”Before the Psychological Revolution • Westerners generally believed that people were motivated by their souls. • Your higher nature was in competition with your baser nature.

3. What makes a person do bad things? Do you know it when you’re being bad? Do you ever delude yourself when you’re bad?

4. What is your mind?

5. What is your mind? X

6. What is your mind? X

7. What is the mind? Mr. Ritter?

8. The Freuds: Vienna, 1878 Rosa, Marie, Adolphine, and Pauline <20 Sigmund (22) Emanuel (44) John (23) Amalia (43) Jacob (63)

9. The Structural Model: Id, Ego, & Superego

10. The Structural Model: Id, Ego, & Superego Id • Present atbirth • Selfish part of you, concerned with satisfying your desires (hunger, thirst, aggression, anger, etc.). • Pleasure principle • Wish-fulfillment

11. The Structural Model: Id, Ego, & Superego Ego • Develops during the first two years of life • Primary job is to satisfy the id impulses in an appropriate manner by taking consequences into consideration. • Reduces tension • Child uses reason

12. The Structural Model: Id, Ego, & Superego Superego • Develops by the time the child is 5 years old • Represents society’s and parent’s values and standards. • Conscience – right and wrong. • Moral anxiety – ever-present feeling of shame or guilt.

13. Freud’s Iceberg Metaphor Ego Superego Penguins

14. Ego Superego Penguins Freud’s Iceberg Metaphor Superego, Ego, & Id

15. Id, Ego, & Superego

16. Psychosexual Stagesof Development

17. Psychosexual Stages of Development • Freud argued that the adult personality is formed by experiences from the first 5 or 6 years of life. • Centers on sexual themes.

18. Oral Stage • First 18 months of life. • Mouth, lips, and tongue are primary erogenous zones. • Traumatic experiences can include feeding or weaning problems.

19. Anal Stage • When child reaches the age of about 18 months. • Anal region becomes the most important erogenous zone. • Traumatic toilet training may result in fixation and an anal personality. • Anal Compulsive(Anal retentive) • Anal Expulsive

20. Phallic Stage • Occurs when the child is approximately 6 years old. • Penis or clitoris become the most important erogenous zone. • Oedipus Complex • Castration Anxiety • Electra Complex • Penis Envy

21. Resolution of the Oedipus Complex • Children repress their desire for their opposite-sex parent. • They realize that they will never have them as long as the other parent is around. • Upon resolution the child begins to identify with the same-sex parent. • Development of the superego. • Child adopts values and standards of the parents.

22. Latency Stage • The time before the onset of puberty. • Child demonstrates more self-control. • Devoted more to intellect, not emotion • Cognitive Skills • Social Skills • Boys and girls are fairly uninterested in one another.

23. Genital Stage • Starts with puberty. • Libido “attacks” the ego. • Stress, anxiety, turmoil, and loss of confidence. • Looking for one’s place and role in life. • Getting free from one’s parents.

24. Freud & Dreams

25. Freud & Dreams • Dreams are unconscious mental activity. • Freud theorized that every dream contains two elements: • Day residue • Nocturnal stimuli • Latent dreams are made up of unconscious wishes, childhood memories, day residue, and nocturnal stimuli.

26. Strengths and Criticisms of Freud’s Theories Strengths: • Freud developed the first comprehensive theory of personality. • Many personality theorists have deemed it necessary to point out where their theories differ from or correct weaknesses in Freud’s works.

27. Strengths and Criticisms of Freud’s Theories Criticisms: • Many Freudian ideas appear in the literature that predates Freud’s work. • Many of his hypotheses are not testable. • Freud relied heavily on evidence from biased case studies. • Freud refused to take into account the experiences that happened after 6 years of age and how they may influence personality.