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UG: What were the purposes of the Declaration of Independence?

UG: What were the purposes of the Declaration of Independence?. COMMON SENSE. Thomas Paine— Argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided. COMMON SENSE. Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776…..

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UG: What were the purposes of the Declaration of Independence?

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  1. UG: What were the purposes of the Declaration of Independence?

  2. COMMON SENSE • Thomas Paine— • Argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided

  3. COMMON SENSE • Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776….. • Came to America in 1774 from England and got caught up in the Revolutionary Spirit • King George was a tyrant and declaring independence from Great Britain was our only choice.

  4. COMMON SENSE In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense……The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth…. …Everything that is right or natural pleads for separation…”TIS TIME TO PART”… …The king has shown himself an enemy to liberty and discovered a thirst for arbitrary power. Reconciliation and ruin are nearly related….TIS TIME TO PART

  5. Thomas Jefferson

  6. Social contract THOMAS JEFFERSON • Plantation owner from Virginia • Eventually the 3rd President • Owned slaves (hanky panky) • Representative to the 2nd Continental Congress from Virginia • Father of the Declaration of Independence.

  7. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • 1.New theory of government (democracy---people rule) • 2. Grievances (27) listed against King George • 3.Declaration of War • Become a separate Nation

  8. 27 grievances • He has plundered our Seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our People. • He has erected a Multitude of New Offices, and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. • For cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the World. • For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us. • For imposing Taxes on us without our consent.

  9. George Washington

  10. CONTINENTAL ARMY • First US Army made up of volunteers, militias and Minutemen. • George Washington chosen as the first Commanding General. • Not an army of professionals but mostly farmers. • Lacked the discipline of a professional army at first…. • Lacked resources, men weren’t paid and some quit after the first few battles. • 2nd Continental Congress lacked $$$$ to supply army…

  11. British vs. United States Population Manufacturing Money Army Leaders Geography Navy Will to Fight Approximately 12 million Highly developed Richest country in the world Large, well trained army plus Hessians Few officers capable of leading Strange land---difficult to re-supply troops Naval world power Trained soldiers---but no heart Approximately 3 million and 1/3 loyal to England. Practically none No $$$ to support the war Volunteers, poorly equipped Dedicated officers plus foreign leaders Familiar land, easy access to supplies No navy Defending homeland---will to fight

  12. MILITARY STRATEGIES The Americans • Attrition: Wear down the British • Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] • Alliances: make with one of Britain’s enemies.

  13. MILITARY STRATEGIES The British • Break the colonies in half. • Blockade ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. • “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

  14. British War Plans: Phase I:The Northern Campaign [1775-1776] Phase II: NY & PA [1777-1778] Phase III:The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

  15. Battle of Saratoga

  16. Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War

  17. BATTLE OF SARATOGA 1778 • IMPORTANCE: • Leads to a military alliance with France. • They provide • Soldiers • Naval fleet • $$$$$.

  18. Battle of Yorktown

  19. The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau AdmiralDe Grasse

  20. Battle of Yorktown • The British General wanted to rest for the winter n the South believing the war would be won in the Spring….. • Yorktown was chosen because it provided easy Oceanaccess to be reinforced and re-supplied • General Washington learned through Spies! Map-yorktown

  21. Battle of Yorktown • Using the French navy, a blockade surrounds the British. • They Run out of Supplies!

  22. Battle of Yorktown • 15,000 American and French troops surrounded 8,000 British troops on land. • The British are trapped forced to his surrender his troops to Washington • Brings war to an end

  23. Cornwallis’ Surrender at YorktowN “The World Turned Upside Down!” Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

  24. Why did the British Lose??? • Couldn’t Win on the Road • Overconfidence • Little Communication • US had more will to fight • C’s Alliances with France.

  25. Treaty of Paris, 1783 • Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States • US acquired land from the Great Lakes to Florida and Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River. • British were to remove troops and forts from US Land. USA United States after the Revolutionary War British Forts

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