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Biotechnology

Biotechnology. Modification or reading of an organism’s DNA Like crop selection Like dog breeding Most modern biotech works with DNA. How to make transgenic organisms. Chop the gene of interest out of donor organism 2. Make a whole bunch of copies of that gene

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology • Modification or reading of an organism’s DNA • Like crop selection • Like dog breeding • Most modern biotech works with DNA

  2. How to make transgenic organisms • Chop the gene of interest out of donor organism 2. Make a whole bunch of copies of that gene 3. Insert the gene into your target organism

  3. Cutting DNA • Use restriction enzymes • From Bacteria and Archaea, lots of different ones • Enzymes that chop DNA at specific sequences • The recognition site • Give you DNA fragments, which you can work with

  4. PCR • Polymerase chain reaction • A way of making lots of copies of specific parts of a DNA sequence • Uses DNA copying machinery from a hot-springs bacteria

  5. Putting genes in bacteria • Use plasmids • Chop plasmid • Insert gene of interest • Put it into bacteria • transformation • This is how we produce a lot of drugs and hormones • Insulin, HGH, Vaccines, Etc……..

  6. Gene therapy • Inserting a gene into a human • Using a virus • Has been one mixed success (SCID) • Mostly hasn’t worked • People are still hopeful

  7. Genetic screening • Reading DNA is a form of biotechnology • Screening for disease • Like Tay-Sach’s in children • Breast cancer-related genes in women • Etc…

  8. The information in DNA • DNA evidence • DNA fingerprinting uses different parts of the genome • We’ll do this in lab • Who is related to whom • Matching different DNA samples

  9. Phylogenetic trees • Using differences in DNA sequence, we can tell how closely two organisms are • Some regions of DNA change more than others • Regions with little change are highly conserved

  10. GM crops • Artificial selection does count… • Now we’ve started creating transgenic crops • Arguments for? • Arguments against? • And even animals…

  11. Cloning • We’ve cloned sheep, cats, mice, monkeys … • Talk of using preserved tissue to clone extinct animals, like the Bucardo (a Spanish mountain sheep) • Dinosaurs? • Humans?

  12. Next time… • Read 210-224

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xswCrkRnZsQ

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