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Chapter One Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method

The Sociological Perspective . Sociology is the systematic study of human society. . The Sociological Perspective . The sociological perspective helps us to see the general social patterns in the behavior of particular individuals. . It encourages us to realize that society guides our thoughts and deeds ? to see the strange in the familiar. .

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Chapter One Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method

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    1. Chapter One Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method

    2. The Sociological Perspective The study of all institutions all cultures around the world every aspect of self in relationship with others applied sociology versus academic sociology the need to think critically about social structures and social change Private problems and public issues- C. Wright MillsThe study of all institutions all cultures around the world every aspect of self in relationship with others applied sociology versus academic sociology the need to think critically about social structures and social change Private problems and public issues- C. Wright Mills

    3. The Sociological Perspective

    4. The Sociological Perspective Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) Personal choice in social context Social Forces are constantly at work, even in an intensely personal action such as suicide. Social Integration is the key.

    5. The Sociological Perspective Marginality and Crisis Two situations allow clear sight of how society shapes individual lives Living on the margins of society Living through a social crisis The greater a person’s marginality, the better able they are to use the sociological perspective.

    6. The Importance of a Global Perspective Global Perspective: the study of the larger world and our society’s place in it. a logical extension our place affects our life experiences. our society’ s position in the world affects everyone in the U.S.

    7. The Importance of a Global Perspective 18% in high-income 70% in middle-income 12% in low-income18% in high-income 70% in middle-income 12% in low-income

    8. The Importance of a Global Perspective 18% in high-income 70% in middle-income 12% in low-income18% in high-income 70% in middle-income 12% in low-income

    9. Applying the Sociological Perspective

    10. Applying the Sociological Perspective

    11. The Origins of Sociology

    12. The Origins of Sociology

    13. The Origins of Sociology

    14. Sociological Theory

    15. Sociological Theory

    16. The Structural–Functional Paradigm

    17. The Structural–Functional Paradigm

    18. The Social–Conflict Paradigm

    19. The Social–Conflict Paradigm

    20. Gender-conflict Approach

    21. Race-conflict Approach

    22. The Symbolic–Interaction Paradigm

    23. Three Ways to Do Sociology

    24. Positivist Sociology Empirical Evidence

    25. Positivist Sociology Basic Elements and Limitations A concept – a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form. A variable – a concept whose value changes from case to case.

    26. does a person taking several math achievement tests score equivalently on each test? does a person taking several math achievement tests score equivalently on each test?

    27. are the math tests truly measuring what they purport to measure--skills and knowledge--or are they possibly measuring some other quality like ability to follow directions? are the math tests truly measuring what they purport to measure--skills and knowledge--or are they possibly measuring some other quality like ability to follow directions?

    28. to conclude that a cause and effect relationship exists a correlation exists between the variables, the independent variable precedes the dependent variable in time, and no evidence exists that a third variable is responsible for a spurious correlation between the two variables. to conclude that a cause and effect relationship exists a correlation exists between the variables, the independent variable precedes the dependent variable in time, and no evidence exists that a third variable is responsible for a spurious correlation between the two variables.

    30. Max Weber: Value-Free Research Max Weber argued that research may be value-relevant, or of personal interest to the researcher, but the actual process of doing research must be value-free. Weber: We mist be dedicated to finding the truth as is is rather than as we think it should beMax Weber: Value-Free Research Max Weber argued that research may be value-relevant, or of personal interest to the researcher, but the actual process of doing research must be value-free. Weber: We mist be dedicated to finding the truth as is is rather than as we think it should be

    31. Interpretive Sociology

    32. Critical Sociology

    33. Research Methods

    34. Research Methods

    35. Research Methods

    36. Research Methods

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