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Failure of Collectivisation. Raymond Chan (4) Chik Cheng Yao (5) Cho Ming En (6) James Ang (11) 3I3. Dekulakisation. Dekulakisation was carried out as part of collectivisation Over 1 million Kulak families affected. Life.
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Failure of Collectivisation Raymond Chan (4) Chik Cheng Yao (5) Cho Ming En (6) James Ang (11) 3I3
Dekulakisation • Dekulakisation was carried out as part of collectivisation • Over 1 million Kulak families affected
Life • Most farmers became worse of than their fathers or grandfathers who were serfs
Grain • From 1931-1934, bad weather caused poor harvests • Collectivised farms had to hand great amounts of grain to government • Due to growing urban population • Production only increased in 1930 • 1934 < 1928 • Kulaks burnt crops
Graph interpretation • The graph tells us that collectivisation caused a decrease in actual grain harvest in the short term but successfully increased harvest in the long term. • There was an overall increase in grain taken by state and grain exported, meeting an aim of collectivisation, despite the overall decrease in overall grain harvest. • Hence, the famine of 1932-1933 can be said to have been caused by the government, which did not look after the citizens’ needs.
Deaths • From 1932-1934, there was a famine especially in Ukraine • 1.75 million tons of grain exported during 1932-3 while 5 million peasants starved to death • Many also died as they refused to join collective farms • Around 10 million kulaks were executed • Due to the deaths, some collectivised farms collapsed.
Livestock • Dramatic falls in number of livestock • Peasants chose to kill animals rather than hand them over to collective farms • There was not enough to feed the animals • Horses were important in agriculture • 1953 before livestock recovered to 1928 numbers
Graph interpretation • The graphs for all three types are similar in shape. • It tells us that livestock numbers decreased drastically from 1928-1933 and increased (still being lower than 1928 numbers) from 1933-1935 • An event probably occurred in 1933 causing this.
References • Lowe, Norman. Mastering Modern World History . (Palgrave, 1997). Chapter 16, pg 325 • Oxley, Peter. Russia 1855-1991: From Tsars to Commissars. Chapter 9