Failure of Peace

1. Failure of Peace • Reason why Germany mad after WW I. • Blamed for WW I. • Stripped of territory.

2. German Aggression

3. Aggression in Europe • 1935 Hitler begins build up of army. • 1936 Hitler invades Rhineland. • 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis Pact • Alliance between Germany & Italy. • League of Nations does nothing.

4. Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 • When the President proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect: • Prohibited sales of arms to belligerent nations. • Prohibited loans and credits to belligerent nations. • Forbade Americans to travel on vessels of nations at war [in contrast to WW I].

5. France • "If France had then marched into the Rhineland, we would have had to withdraw with our tails between our legs." - Hitler

6. World War II Begins • September 1, 1939: Germany attacks Poland. • Blitzkrieg (Lightening War) • Air attack to disrupt communications. • Infantry attacks set up smokescreen. • Tanks attack • September 3, 1939: France & Britain declare war. • Fighting over before France & Britain mobilize.

7. Great Britain Poland Germany France Austria

9. “Lend-Lease” Act (1941) Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union...........................$11 billionFrance......................................$ 3 billionChina.......................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 millionThe amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

10. Lend-Lease Act: 1941 • President can lend or lease arms to a country “whose defense was vital to the United States.” • Would you lend your garden hose to your neighbor if his house were on fire?

11. German Aggression During World War II

12. Hitler invades Rhineland. League of Nations and world do nothing. Invasion marks beginning of his expansion.

13. Hitler forces Schushnigg to turn over control of Austrian Nazis. Schushnigg backs out and Hitler takes over all of Austria.

14. At Munich Conference Hitler convinces Daladier and Chamberlain that the Sudetenland is his last demand. Daladier and Chamberlain agree, thinking they have avoided war.

15. Hitler lied and before long he takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia.

16. Hitler and Stalin sign a Nonaggression Pact. Secretly they agree to divide Poland. Invasion marks the beginning of WW II.

17. France & Great Britain sit on Maginot line waiting. Germany sitting on Siegfried Line waiting.

18. Hitler launches a surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway. Hitler also attacks the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.

19. French and British moved north to defend Belgium border. Germany attacked France through wooded area of Ardennes.

20. French and British troops cut off at Dunkirk. Private and Commercial boats transported troops across English Channel to safety.

21. Germany’s Luftwaffe begins air attack of Britain. RAF fights back and Britain does not fall.

22. Mussolini sends troops to Egypt to take Suez Canal from British. Hitler sends Erwin Rommel to help. Rommel defeats British.

23. After failure to take Great Britain. Hitler turns to Balkans. Hitler wants bases in the South to attack Soviet Union.

24. Hitler launches surprise attack on Soviet Union. Soviets retreat using Scorched Earth Policy.

25. Germans caught by winter at Moscow and Stalingrad. Stalingrad was the turning point in the war in the east. Soviet army began moving toward Germany. Moscow Stalingrad

26. Japan Attacks • Japanese expansion • Japan taking over Pacific islands. • U.S. dislikes & cuts off trade with Japan. • Japan needs American oil.

27. Japan Attacks • December 7, 1941 • America knew attack coming, but not where. • Early morning, Japan launched surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

28. Japan Attacks • December 8, 1941 • FDR addressed Congress • “A date which will live in infamy”

29. Pearl Harbor Clip

30. FDR Signs the War Declaration

31. Japan Attacks • December 11, 1941 • U.S. declares war on Japan. • Germany & Italy declare war on U.S.

32. Sides in WWII ALLIES AXIS POWERS Germany Japan Italy • Great Britain • France • Russia • (United States) ***There were others, but these are key players

33. Key leaders ALLIED Leaders • Winston Churchill- Great Britain • Joseph Stalin- Soviet Union • Franklin Roosevelt- United States Axis Power Leaders Benito Mussolini- Italy Adolf Hitler- Germany

34. The War on Two Fronts • European Theater Allies vs. Germany • Pacific Theater Allies vs. Japan

35. Battle of Midway (Pacific) • This was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. • The US had decoded the Japanese plans and was ready for the attack. • The US effectively destroyed Japan’s power and ability to further threaten the Pacific. • Japan was forced to go on the defensive.

36. Preparation for the D-Day Invasion • Planned Allied Invasion of France • In response, the Germans built up their defenses along the French coastline. • The Germans added machine-gun bunkers, barbed wire fences, land and water mines, and underwater obstructions.

37. Operation Overlord (D-Day) • June 6, 1944 • 1st – American and British paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines at night. • 2nd – Allied warships and planes shelled the coast. • 3rd – 150,000 Allied troops came a shore along 60 miles of Normandy coast.