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PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY. Perceptual Organization. Perceptual Illusions. http://www.yorku.ca/eye/m-lillu.htm. Objectives. Understand how illusions help us understand perception Understand perceptual organization principles. Outline. A. Intro & illusions B. Organizational Principles Form perception

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PSYCHOLOGY

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  1. PSYCHOLOGY Perceptual Organization

  2. Perceptual Illusions • http://www.yorku.ca/eye/m-lillu.htm

  3. Objectives • Understand how illusions help us understand perception • Understand perceptual organization principles

  4. Outline • A. Intro & illusions • B. Organizational Principles • Form perception • Figure/Ground • Gestalt grouping • Depth perception • Binocular cues - retinal dispartity, convergence • Monocular cues - 8 • Motion Perception - stroboscopic, phi phenomemon • Perceptual Constancy - size & shape, size & distance, light, color

  5. Perception • What can we learn from looking at the visual illusions #1-6 in your textbook? • Illusion reveal the ways we normally organize and interpret sensation.

  6. Perceptual Illusions

  7. Perceptual Organization: Muller-Lyer Illusion

  8. Illusions Muller-Lyer Illusion • We interpret the arrows as cues for distance & length • The arrows at the ends of the lines make them appear of different lengths

  9. Room Illusion

  10. Room Illusion

  11. Perceptual Organization: Size-Distance Relationship

  12. Illusions What assumptions do we make about rooms? • 90 degree angles • Size & distance (we make the false assumption that they are the same distance way) • To fool us they distorted the shape of the room

  13. St. Louis Arch • Taller than wider? • Wider than taller?

  14. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Relative Height

  15. St. Louis Arch Explanation: • Relative Height - we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away

  16. Perceptual Illusions

  17. Illusions Hans- Wallach’s - glowing blue worm • Gestalt principles grouping principles lead you astray in this puzzle Apply grouping principles like - continuity

  18. Perceptual Illusions

  19. Illusions Hoffman - ripple illusion • It is a shading technique using light & shadows

  20. Perceptual Illusions

  21. Illusions • People tend to overestimate distance in the fog • Light & Shadow issues • Relative Clarity issues • Where can this information be useful in the real world?

  22. Perceptual Illusions

  23. Perception • What can we learn from looking at the visual illusions #1-6 in your textbook? • Illusion reveal the ways we normally organize and interpret sensation.

  24. Which sense dominates? Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses • Ex. - movie theater, roller coaster

  25. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt • Our brains do more then just register info, we filter & infer to make sense Gestalt = whole • tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

  26. Necker Cube • The whole may exceed the sum of the parts • 8 circles - people tend not to notice the circles but the whole box

  27. Perceptual Organization: Illusory Contours

  28. Fig. 15.2 • Is there really a line down the middle? • Your eye perceives one

  29. Outline M15 • A. Intro & illusions • B. Organizational Principles • Form perception • Figure/Ground • Gestalt grouping • Depth perception • Binocular cues - retinal dispartity, convergence • Monocular cues - 8 • Motion Perception - stroboscopic, phi phenomemon • Perceptual Constancy - size & shap, size & distance, light

  30. Form perception • Our brains do more then just register info, we filter & infer to make sense by discriminating what it is - form • We organize and interpret meaning

  31. What is it?

  32. Perceptual Organization Form perception • Figure and Ground--organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground); • Reversible figures

  33. What is it?

  34. What is it?

  35. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

  36. Gestalt grouping prin. Grouping Principles • proximity--group nearby figures together • similarity--group figures that are similar • continuity--perceive continuous patterns • closure--fill in gaps • connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected

  37. Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles

  38. Perceptual Organization: Closure • Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.

  39. Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles • Gestalt grouping principles are at work here

  40. Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles • Impossible doghouse

  41. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception • ability to see objects in three dimensions • allows us to judge distance • Somewhat innate ability as shown by infants

  42. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Visual Cliff

  43. Depth perception 1. Binocular cues • retinal disparity images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity (floating finger sausage) • convergence neuromuscular cue - two eyes move inward for near objects

  44. 2. Monocular Cues • relative size smaller image is more distant b) Interposition (overlay) closer objects blocks distant object

  45. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Relative Size

  46. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Interposition

  47. Monocular cues c) relative clarity hazy object seen as more distant d) texture coarse --> close fine --> distant

  48. Perceptual Illusions

  49. Monocular cues e) relative height higher objects seen as more distant

  50. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Relative Height

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