NATO ’ s Science and Technology Organisation

1. NATO’sScience and Technology Organisation NATO EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME NATO HQ - VTC, 15 JANUARY 2013 Albert HUSNIAUX (Major General BEL AF) NATO Chief Scientist Science and Technology Board Chairman

2. Outline • The new NATO S&T Organisation (STO) • Programme of Work generation • The Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation • STO’s Collaborative S&T network, supported by its Support Office • Challenges • Contact information • Conclusions

3. The new NATO S&T Organisation (STO)

4. NATO’s Science & Technology Organization (STO) • Established on 1 July 2012 as the outcome of NATO S&T Reform • Successor to the former NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) and the NATO Research & Technology Organisation (RTO), combining their expertise and legacy of over 60 years • Establishing a NATO Chief Scientist position

5. Drivers of the NATO S&T Reform • The scarcity of resources • NATO’s reforms • The difference S&T makes in today’s strategic context • Global, complex, interdependent, speed • The need to extract more value out of NATO S&T • A NATO wide approach: unified governance of NATO S&T • NATO S&T Strategy, priorities, coordination, synergy • More visibility, more accessibility, more imbrication in the processes and the decision making • Permanent S&T presence and leadership in the HQ: NATO Chief Scientist and Office • “Demand-Supply’ dialogue: managing expectations

6. Mission (Charter, 19 June 2012) • To help position theNations’ and NATO’s S&T investments as a strategic enabler of the knowledge and technology advantage for the defence and security posture of NATO Nations and partner Nations, by: • Conducting and promoting S&T activities that augment and leverage the (S&T) capabilities and programmes of the Alliance, of the NATO Nations and the partner Nations [...] • Contributingto NATO’s ability to enable and influence security- and defence-related capability development and threat mitigation [...] • Supporting decision-making in the NATO Nations and NATO

7. NATO S&T Unified Governance: NATO S&T Strategy Strategic and Operational Decisions Knowledge, Analysis, and Advice December 2012 3 Strategic Goals Networks ofNational and NATOS&T Subject Matter Experts Capability Development Consultation and Partnerships Security Dialogue and Cooperation Military Operations

8. The Science and Technology Organisation • S&T Programme delivery • Nations’ and NATO bodies’ network of Scientists and Engineers, delivering through a collaborative business model • Scientific and technical committees, composed of subject matter experts, supported by a Collaborative S&T Support Office (CSO) • NATO’s Research and Experimentation Centre • Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) • NATO S&T and STO governance and leadership • Governance is vested in the Science and Technology Board • Leadership is exercised by the Chief Scientist, Chair of the S&T Board and Scientific Advisor to NATO leadership

9. Programme of Work Delivery A Lab The in-housedeliverybusiness model: a dedicated STO executive body, having its own personnel, specific capabilities and infrastructure, customer-funded A network for Nations and of (by) Nations The collaborativebusiness model: a forum where Nations elect to share national resources to conduct cooperative research (supported by a NATO body)

10. Value Added • A Nation: • “The value of the existence of the STO is within the Nations” • Through the network, making the Nation and thus NATO stronger • Consider the STO as a lever, a multiplier, ... • The STO is not “the Research Institute of NATO” • ... With the exception of the CMRE, which is a NATO Centre for Research and Experimentation

11. NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL Science and Technology Board MC CNAD OCS NATO HQ Max. 10 Max. 0.7 M€ 1 Board Collaborative S&T Business Model Technical Committees (Panels/Group) CSO Neuilly 51 5.5 M€ 2 Business Models In House Delivery Business Model CMRE La Spezia 150 26.6 M€ 3 Exec Bodies Science and Technology Organisation

12. STO deliverables Collaborative S&T Network Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation • Portfolio: • Autonomous Security Networks • Active Sonar Risk Mitigation • Exploring Future Technologies • Environmental Knowledge and Operational Effectiveness • Ocean Engineering • Toolbox: • Task Groups • Symposia • Specialists’ Meetings • Specialists’ Teams • Workshops • Lecture Series • Technical Courses • Exploratory Teams

13. Expertise • Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation • Maritime, and particularly the undersea; may extrapolate into other domains to meet customers’ demands • STO Technical Committees (Panels-Group) • Applied Vehicle Technology • Human Factors and Medicine • Information Systems Technology • Modelling and Simulation • Systems Concepts and Integration • System Analysis and Studies • Sensors and Electronics Technology

14. The STO in NATO North Atlantic Council C3B Conference of National Armament Directors C&I-ASB Military Committee Political & Partnership Committee LC C3B CaPs NATO C&I Agency Science for Peace & Security Programme NATO Army Armaments Group COMEDS STO Allied Command Transformation NATO Naval Armaments Group S&T Board Non-NATO “S&T partners” NATO Air Force Armaments Group OCS Collaborative S&T NATO Industrial Advisory Group CSO CMRE In-house S&T One Board Two Business Models Three Executive Bodies STO

15. Concept Refinement Technology Technology Readiness Levels’ Spectrum Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Science for Peace & Security System Development & Demonstration Prototyping Production & Development Operations & Support Development Fundamental & Applied Research STO/CSO Main Armament Groups STO/CMRE ACT NCIA

16. Programme of Work • Very broad scope • From “Traditional” technology to “Human Factors” • From “Conceptual/systems” thinking to “support to delivering hardware” • From the (very) long term to the shorter term • From the “physical space” (air, land, sea ...) to the virtual space (cyberspace) • ...

17. Welcoming Partners • Revised Cooperation Policy in accordance with NATO Partnership Policy • Collaborative S&T: Flexible Formats + targeted approach • Partner hosting meetings and holding leadership in several activities (3 currently) • As of March 2012, among over 165 on-going CSO activities: • 75% open to Partnership for Peace (PfP) • 30% open to Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) • Cooperation Programme with Partners: a Partnership Work Programme is distributed to the PfP missions to NATO in the fall • This allows Partners to participate in: • Joint sessions of the RTB and Panels with Partners • RTO Technical Teams, Symposia, etc. • Partners are potential CMRE customers, for S&T activities in line with NATO policies

18. Engaging with Industry: NATO’s initiatives • Engagement with Industry is high on NATO’s agenda: • ACT’s Industry Day (started in 2004) • NIAG Initiatives: TADIC (Trans-Atlantic Defence Technological and Industrial Cooperation ) Conferences (last one in Oct 2011) • RUSI Conference (March 2012) • Specifically on S&T matters: STB Roundtable on “early engagement with Industry” (March 2012) • 2012: first NATO Industry Day (ACT & Defence Investment Division) • Smart Defence and Connected Forces Initiative

19. NATO S&T Unified Governance: NATO S&T priorities • “Push-Pull” – STB leadership • Drivers/lists • Military requirements (important role for Allied Command Transformation) • Hard Problems • Emerging/emerged Disruptive Technologies • “Game Changers” • To be updated • S&T Strategy and S&T Strategy implementation first

20. The Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation

21. Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation • … organizes and executes a customer-funded programme of scientific research and technology development centred on the maritime domain, and focused on solutions for the defence and security needs of the Alliance • It will sustain its core capabilities in the maritime, and particularly the undersea, domain and, conformant with STB policy guidance, may extrapolate into other domains to meet customers’ demands

22. A Centre where scientists and engineers gather to collaborate on maritime research priorities of the NATO Nations A Centre where the nations pool their equityin specialized, sea-going platforms, and share the costs, efforts, data and results of a maritime research programme A place and a programme to develop, demonstrate, andde-risk emerging maritime technology CMRE SMART DEFENCE

23. Collaboration At Sea R/V ALLIANCE R/V LEONARDO

24. Portfolio • The CMRE programme of work for NATO Allied Command Transformation, is organized into a portfolio of four program areas: • Cooperative Anti-Submarine Warfare • Autonomous Naval Mine Countermeasures • Environmental Knowledge and Operational Effectiveness • Maritime Security and awareness , Harbor and port protection, and modeling and simulation

25. The CMRE Team • Highly-skilled interdisciplinary professionals • recruited from NATO nations. • physicists, engineers, mathematicians • Specialists in sea-going experimentation, • Over 50 years experience preparing instrumentation and performing controlled measurements at sea • Unique expertise in research, development, testing and evaluation of ocean and maritime concepts and equipment. • Visiting Scientists and Joint Research Programs

26. CMRE Core Competencies • Oceanographic instrumentation, platforms, and systems • Hydrographic systems • Portable sensors in the maritime domain • Sonars, transducers, and arrays • Ocean engineering • Seagoing capability • Operations research • AUVs, USVs and gliders • Calibration • Underwater acoustics • Sensors and signal processing • Ocean prediction • Ocean physics • Autonomy in the maritime domain • Computation and data management • Underwater communications engineering • Exploitation of remote sensing at sea • Modeling and simulation in the maritime domain

27. NATO’s Collaborative S&T:A Networkfor Nations and of (by) Nationssupported by the CSO

28. Collaborative NATO S&T Business Model JWC, JFTC ACT NATO C&I Agency Rep. ACT CE C&IO AC0 NETWORK HUB = STO-CSO Nation Member (Req) Nation Member (Ops) Nation Nation Nation Member (IND) (AC) Nation Member (S&T) Nation Nation MAGs Member MAGs-NIAG SMART DEFENCE

29. AVT-161: Assessment of Reliable Stability & Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air Vehicles and Sea Vehicles (2009-2012) AVT-216: Evaluation of Prediction Methods for Ship Maneuvering and Control (follow-on) Objectives: Assess the state-of-the-art in computational fluid dynamics methods RESOURCES funded by 15 Nations Labour Cost for 25 active participants (over 3 years) Transportation & Shipment Cost Production Cost of Wind Tunnel Model Wind Tunnel Test Facilities (2 x Europe, 1 x USA) RESOURCES (direct) funded by NATO Editorial & Publication Services, Panel Support Research Results are available to all NATO Nations! PoW: Stability & Control prediction methods Leverage

30. Deliverables: Collaborative S&T A Knowledge & Information Base for NATO and the Nations • Toolbox: • SY: Symposia (>100 people, 3-4 days) • SM: Specialists’ Meetings (<100 people, 2-3 days ) • WS: Workshops (selected participation, 2-3 days) • TG: Task Groups (study group, 3 years max.) • LS: Lecture Series (junior and mid-level scientists) • TC: Technical Courses • ST: Specialists’ Teams (quick reaction) • ET: Exploratory Teams

31. Participation Trends Total # Activities per Nation

32. Challenges

33. Transition Plan and Phases • Three Phases • Consolidation Phase (until 31 Dec 2012) • Rationalisation Phase (1 Jan 2013 - Jul 2014 - TBC) • Optimization Phase (Jul 2014 - Jul 2015) • Phase 1 – Consolidation Phase • STO stand-up by 1 July 2012 • Achieve a “steady state” by the end of 2012 • Deliver a CMRE Business Plan by the end of 2012 • Deliver a NATO S&T Strategy by the end of 2012 • Deliver an Operational Research and Analysis Study by the end of 2012

34. Transition Plan and Phases • Phase 2: rationalization phase (1 Jan 2013 – July 2014, TBC) • Transition the CMRE to its new business model; • Implement the decisions pertaining to the ORA study • Implement the NATO S&T Strategy • Conduct the “further consolidation” study asked for by the Nations • Do we need to push the S&T Reform further? • Timelines for this phase need to be confirmed

35. Transition Plan and Phases • Phase 3 – Optimization phase (Jul 14, Jul 15, TBC) • Optimize the measures of the rationalization phase. • Implement the decisions pertaining to the “further consolidation” study. • Lessons learned from the first two years, the conclusions of the “further consolidation” study and the overall requirements from ongoing NATO reforms will drive this phase • Timelines for this phase need to be confirmed

36. Challenges • S&T Reform challenges - STB • Implementation of the governance of the STO • Implementation of unified governance of NATO S&T (inter alia delivering the NATO S&T strategy and the specific studies) • Definition of the mandate/accountabilities/empowerment of the Chief Scientist • Implement transition while preserving S&T delivery to the Nations and to NATO • S&T Reform challenges - Chief Scientist • Definition and implementation of the ISPE of his office (Budget, funding and staffing) • Definition and implementation of the Senior Scientific Advisor role

37. Challenges • S&T Reform challenges - CMRE • Shift in command relationship from ACT to the governance context of the STO • Shift from the Paris Protocol to the Ottawa Agreement • Shift from common funding to customer funding • Definition and implementation of the ISPE and the Personnel Establishment   • Evolution of the Business Model (and Customer Portfolio) • New Host Nation Agreements and Memoranda of Agreement • Ownership, funding and flagging of the Research Vessels • S&T Reform challenges - CSO • Definition and implementation of the ISPE • Collaborative Programme of Work (PoW) connection to other NATO S&T PoW (e. g. SPSP, CMRE)/stakeholders’ objectives

38. NATO Chief Scientist’s Mandate (draft) • Objectives (expectations): • Achieve a successful transition • Position the Chief Scientist to be influential at senior levels • Identify a realistic level of ambition for NATO S&T • Increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of NATO S&T and implement continuous improvement

39. Deliverables: 2012-2013 picture 1 Jul 14 1 Jan 12 1 Jul 12 1 Jan 13 1 Jul 13 1 Jan 14 ? Governance Implementation NATO S&T Strategy - Implementation STO Charter CMRE 2014 Business Plan NATO S&T Strategy Research Vessels Study ORA Study ORA Study - Implementation Research Vessels - Impl Maritime S&T Business Plan CMRE 2013 Business Plan ? ? Programmes of Work

40. Stay in touch ...

41. www.sto.nato.int www.cso.nato.int General info News www.cmre.nato.int Social media General info Events Scientific Reports

42. Contact information • A full-time presence of the Chief Scientist and his Office at NATO HQ • [PoC @ OCS: dotoli.pierpaolo@hq.nato.int] • The NATO Collaborative S&T Programme: building on/accessing Nations’ S&T[PoC @ CSO: philippe.soete@cso.nato.int] • CMRE’s capabilities can be used by single NATO nations as customers[PoC @ CMRE: miller@cmre.nato.int ]

43. Conclusions

44. Conclusions • The World is complex and increasingly interdependent, creating new challenges for Nations and NATO • NATO S&T makes the difference, by commonly addressing and anticipating security and defence needs of the Alliance and its member nations • The STO (either the Collaborative program or the CMRE) provides an attractive framework: all stakeholders can extract/leverage value out of NATO S&T, using interaction mechanisms having proved their effectiveness • The NATO S&T Reform is an ambitious reform, with many facets, involving Nations and involving the NATO HQ • Expectations are high and achieving success will continue to ask for hard work, generating and demonstrating the added value of NATO S&T, both in the Nations and in the NATO HQ (NATO processes and NATO decision making)

45. Thank you for your attention “Scientific results cannot be used efficiently by soldiers who have no understanding of them, and scientists cannot produce results useful for warfare without an understanding of the operations.” Theodore von Kármán (1881-1963)

46. Your briefer • Albert Husniaux (Major General BEL AF) • NATO Chief Scientist • Chairman of the S&T Board • NATO HQ, Brussels • Tel PA: + 32 2 707 1904 • Direct: + 32 2 707 1919 • Email: husniaux.albert@hq.nato.int