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Unit 1. Nature of Science. Warm-up. Finish processing through the “Lost at Sea” activity Have columns 1 and 2 filled out Be ready to discuss Questions to think about What characteristics did the items that you ranked #1-5 have in common? Items # 11-15?. Discussion.
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Unit 1 Nature of Science
Warm-up • Finish processing through the “Lost at Sea” activity • Have columns 1 and 2 filled out • Be ready to discuss • Questions to think about • What characteristics did the items that you ranked #1-5 have in common? • Items # 11-15?
Discussion • What criteria drove your decision making? • What were your lowest priority items and why? • What were your highest priority items and why?
Mystery Boxes • Each box has a vertical barrier(s) inside of it • Your job is to figure out the configuration of it • Discuss the following with your table: • Any guesses • Any thought process you went through to prove (disprove) each guess • Final configuration
Sample configurations Hole in the middle
Sample configurations 3, 4 2 1, 5, 10 Hole in the middle 8, 9 6,7
4 Humours • Blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm • Believed that sickness was caused by an imbalance in the humours • Led to blood letting and medicines that induced vomiting and bowel movements
Maternal Imprintation • Believed that thoughts a pregnant woman had would be transferred to her child
Spontaneous Generation • Believed that living organisms could arise from non-living matter
Led to recipes for organisms • Making a scorpion • Place basil between 2 bricks • Place the bricks in sunlight • Wait
Phlogiston • Believed matter contained a fifth element, phlogiston that allowed things to burn. • When things burned, the phlogiston would be released into the air • Believed that people breathed to get rid of phlogiston in body.
200AD – Galen (physician in Rome) • Knew heart pumped blood • Thought the heart irrigated the organs with • blood and made knew blood all the time • This idea was taught for 1500 years
1700’s – William Harvey • Discovered blood was pumped in a continuous circuit • Calculated that it was impossible for the heart to make 540 pounds of blood that it pumps in 1 hour • Coupled logical reasoning with calculation of an unobservable activity led to more advances in Science
The Microscope – 1600 - 1700’s • Gross structure of organisms was known but finer levels were not • Needed something more than the naked eye • Discovery of cells
The Greatest Black Box Ever • HOW DOES LIFE WORK? • Eyes are used for seeing, but how do they work? • How does blood clot? • Subcellular organelles are made of what?
What does this all mean? NO MORE BLACK BOXES LEFT?
Warm-up (8/28) • Warm-up: As a group, organize the statements in the envelopes into categories and be ready to explain your criteria for sorting • Objectives: • Define Science • Communicate correct lab techniques and experimentation practices
What is Science? As a table, pick one of the statements from the last activity and justify whether or not it is science Whiteboard your rational using multiple evidences to support your claim
Criteria for Science • CONPTT • Consistency: • repeated results or observations • Observability: • event or evidence can be perceived using human senses • Natural: • observable causes explain how and why events occur • Predictability: • observation or extension of data can forecast a future event • Testability: • predictions can be tested using scientific methods • Tentativeness • Science is a dynamic • Revisions, corrections, or disproval of theories occurs as new information and technology becomes available Source: Evolution and Nature of Science Institute (ENSI) www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb • Tentativeness • Science is a dynamic • Revisions, corrections, or disproval of theories occurs as new information and technology becomes available
What is the Nature of Science? • Science has limits – only natural phenomena • Scientific knowledge is inherently uncertain – based on how much it has been tested • Science can be done poorly – there are better methods and conclusions than others • Science is a social process – collaboration is key
If not science, then what is it? • “Near Science” • Confirms some but not all CONPTT • Limited observations and predictions • “Limited observations and predictions • Doesn’t meet CONPTT criteria • Based on logic, but not within scientific realm • “Psuedoscience” • Portrayed or advertised as valid by practitioners and supporters
Evaluate Your NOS Understanding • Nature of Science Knowledge Survey • Take 5 minutes to individually complete the NOS survey • Use a star to mark 3 statements you answered with confidence or certainty • Use a check to mark 3 statements you are unsure of or require further clarification
15. B 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. A 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. B 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B
Experimental Design • Monty Python Clip
Warm-up (8/29) • Review over the CONPTT acronym with your group • Review your experimental design • Revise if needed – remember precision is key • Formulate the game plan for your experiment (who’s doing what where)
Criteria for Science • CONPTT • Consistency: • repeated results or observations • Observability: • event or evidence can be perceived using human senses • Natural: • observable causes explain how and why events occur • Predictability: • observation or extension of data can forecast a future event • Testability: • predictions can be tested using scientific methods • Tentativeness • Science is a dynamic • Revisions, corrections, or disproval of theories occurs as new information and technology becomes available Source: Evolution and Nature of Science Institute (ENSI) www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb • Tentativeness • Science is a dynamic • Revisions, corrections, or disproval of theories occurs as new information and technology becomes available
Today • Objectives: • Know what it takes to make a valid experiment • Review basic chemistry concepts • Homework • Read chapters 1-3 • Complete biochem practice • Group quiz tomorrow
What to know • Bonding • Covalent • Polar • Non-polar • Ionic • Hydrogen • Parts of an atom • Ions • Atomic number/mass • Isotope vs Isomer
Challenge • Determine which brand of bubbles or bouncy ball is the best • You need to define “best” • Focus on making the most valid experiment (limit error) • Remember the process is more important than the end result in lab
Timeline • Develop experiment (rough draft) – 15 min • Have me approve it • Run experiment – 15 min • Whiteboard – 15 min • Experimental design – description/drawings • Variables, constants, controls • Data tables • Graph • Discussion – 15 min
Whiteboard • Problem: (define best) • Brief description/picture of experiment • Graph • Possible error concerns
Problem • What does best mean? • Most bounces • Longest time bouncing • Straightest bounce • Multiple surfaces • All of the above – use a ranking system
Experiment • Did you have to make adjustments? • What precision concerns did you have? • Timing vs counting • How to drop it • How to read the height
Data • Bar or Line graph? • How much?
Hypothesis • If-then statement – shows a relationship • If athletic performance is related to diet, then eating a 4 protein : 2 carbohydrate meal 4 hours before a 100M race will lower the runners time.