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Chapter 1: Motion Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion How do you recognize motion?

Chapter 1: Motion Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion How do you recognize motion?. An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing Movement depends on your point of view. What is a reference point?.

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Chapter 1: Motion Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion How do you recognize motion?

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  1. Chapter 1: MotionSection 1: Describing and Measuring MotionHow do you recognize motion? • An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing • Movement depends on your point of view

  2. What is a reference point? • A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion • An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point

  3. How do you describe distance? • Scientists all over the world use a standard system of measurement called the International System of Units (SI)

  4. What is the basic unit of length? • The meter – a little longer than a yard

  5. What do scientists use to measure the length of a object smaller than a yard? • A centimeter – one hundredth of a meter, so there are 100 centimeters in a meter • A millimeter – There are 1,000 millimeters in a meter

  6. How do scientists measure long distances? • The kilometer – There are 1,000 meters in a kilometer

  7. How do scientists calculate speed? • Speed – the distance the object travels in one unit of time • Rate – tells you the amount of something that occurs or changes in one unit of time • Speed = distance time

  8. What is average speed? • Most objects do not move at constant speeds for very long • To find average speed divide the total distance by the total time

  9. What is Velocity? • Speed in an given direction • When you know the speed and direction of an object’s motion, you know the velocity of the object • Example 15 km/hour westward

  10. How do you graph motion? • You can show the motion of an object on a line graph in which you plot distance against time • Time is along the x-axis and distance on the y-axis

  11. How do you interpret motion graphs? • A straight line indicates a constant speed • The steepness depends on how quickly or slowly the object is moving • The faster the motion the steeper the slope

  12. Solving for Distance or Time • Rearrange the speed formula • Distance = Speed x Time • Time =Distance Speed

  13. Section 3: AccelerationWhat is Acceleration? • The rate at which velocity changes • In science, acceleration refers to: • increasing speed • decreasing speed • changing direction

  14. How do you calculate acceleration? • To determine the acceleration rate of an object, you must calculate the change in velocity during each unit of time • Acceleration = Final velocity – Initial velocity Time

  15. How do you interpret graphs to determine acceleration? • The acceleration at any moment is equal to the slope of the velocity time graph at that moment in time

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