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Images of Amerindians. Cannibal. Hobbes. El Dorado. Columbus. STONE- AGE. Dog-snouted warriors. Hobbes. archaic. primitive. Rousseau. Green Hell. Léry. Garden of Eden. Amazons. Savage. Homer. Rolling Stone, 10/17/07. The Handbook of South American Indians (1946-1950).
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Images of Amerindians Cannibal Hobbes El Dorado Columbus STONE- AGE Dog-snouted warriors Hobbes archaic primitive Rousseau Green Hell Léry Garden of Eden Amazons Savage Homer
The Handbook of South American Indians (1946-1950) state chiefdom tribe band the tropical forest tribe: i.e., you get in the past) what you see in 20th century
Areas of Complex Societies in Amazonia
1 2 3 Amazonian Polychrome Tradition • Marajoara • Santarém • Central Amazon
Caumtins (Marajoara) mound group Elite mounds
? Elite Mounds (Camutins) Regional Ceramic Traditions
CENTRAL AMAZON
Southern Amazon borderlands
Mound linked by causeways in domesticated landscapes of lowland Bolivia
1 3 2 1) Acre, Brazil; 2) lowland Bolivia; 3) Upper Xingu River
Earthworks provide key: Highly visible and datable, contiguous, and precisely laid out
X6 X13
Manioc, the major Amazonian staple crop (domesticated by 6,000-8,000 BC, based on genetic evidence)
At least 138 crops with some degree of domestication were being cultivated or managed by native Amazonians at the time of European conquest (83 crops native to Amazonia). • 68% of these Amazonian crops are fruit or nut trees or woody perennials (not surprising in Amazon forest). Peach Palm
The Arawak Diaspora
Fish-farming, Baure of eastern lowland Bolivia Raised Agricultural Fields, Bolivian lowlands
B A 2 4 3 1 5 MIDDLE BERBICE STUDY AREA
Kaurikreek: 2200-1750 BC Dubulay: 3320-2760 BC 3010-2870 BC