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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS. CONTENTS 1. Definition 2. Components of decision support systems (DSS) 3. Software tools for DSS application developments 4. Advantages and possible drawbacks of DSS usage.

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

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  1. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS CONTENTS 1. Definition 2. Components of decision support systems (DSS) 3. Software tools for DSS application developments 4. Advantages and possible drawbacks of DSS usage

  2. Decision support systems (DSS) are computer programs thatprovide information in a given domain of application by means ofanalytical decision models and access to databases,in order to support a decision maker in making decisions effectively in complex and ill-structured tasks. • well-structured problems: routine and repetitive • ill-structured problems: no known and clear methods of obtaining solution

  3. Characteristics of ill-structured problems: • the preferences, judgements, intuition and experience of the decision maker are essential • the search for a solution implies a mixture of: • search for information • formalisation (problem definition and structuring) • computation • data manipulation • the sequence of the above operations is not known in advance: • it can be function of data • it can be modified • it can be a function of the user preferences • criteria for the decision are numerous, in conflict, and dependent on the perception of the user • the solution must be achieved in limited time • the problems evolves rapidly

  4. Characteristics and Capabilities of DSS • Provide support in semi-structured and unstructured situations • Support to individuals and groups • Support all phases of the decision-making process • Are adaptive • Have user friendly interfaces • Goal is to improve the effectiveness of decision making • The decision maker controls the decision-making process • End-users can build simple systems • Utilizes models for analysis • Provides access to a variety of data sources, formats, and types • Decision makers can make better, more consistent decisions in a timely manner.

  5. Components of DSS

  6. Data management subsystem includes the database, which contains relevant data for the situation and is managed by software called the database management system (DBMS). • Model management subsystem includes financial, statistical, management science, or other models and usually contains a modelling language for building custom models. It is managed by software called the model base management system (MBMS). • Knowledge management subsystem provides intelligence to augment the operations of the other DSS components. • User interface subsystem enables the user to communicate with the DSS.

  7. 1. Data Management Subsystem

  8. 3. DSS generator

  9. Advantages of DSS generators • designed for end-users or domain specialist • provide the resources for application development • allow development of complex applications

  10. Improvements Expected from DSS Usage • greater effectiveness of decision making • improved efficiency • better communication among decision makers • improving the learning process of users

  11. Possible Drawbacks of DSS Usage 1. Tendency to overemphasise the decision making aspect criticism: DSS denies the communication in decision making process 2. Assumption of relevance decision must belong to the class that the DSS was built to support 3. Unintended transfer of power decision process is only assisted by DSS 4. Obscuring responsibility risk that a DSS is used in a way which does not fit the assumptions of the designer

  12. References: 1. (a) Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Fifth Edition E.Turban, Jay Aronson, Prentice Hall, 1998. (b) Decision Support Systems and Expert Systems, Management Support Systems, E.Turban, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, 1995. 2. Knowledge-based Decision Support Systems, With Applications in Business, 2nd Edition, M. Klein, L. Methlie, Wiley, 1995.

  13. SUMMARY • DSS is composed of the following subsystems: • data management subsystems, • model management subsystem, • knowledge management subsystem, • user interface subsystem. • DSS support all the phases in the decision making process. • DSS applications have been developed using: • general programming languages • spreadsheets • DSS generators

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