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Complex Predicates

Universität Potsdam Institut für Linguistik SS06: Hindi-Urdu Syntax Shravan Vasishth Presented by Juliane Böhme. Complex Predicates. 1.Part : Comparing data complex predicate vs. embedded infinitive 2.Part : Butt‘s Analysis. Complex Predicates. Constructions in focus Agreement

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Complex Predicates

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  1. Universität Potsdam Institut für Linguistik SS06: Hindi-Urdu Syntax Shravan Vasishth Presented by Juliane Böhme Complex Predicates

  2. 1.Part: Comparing data complex predicate vs. embedded infinitive 2.Part: Butt‘s Analysis

  3. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: (1) Complex predicate

  4. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell Construction: (2) Not a complex predicate

  5. Tests on constituents: Agreement -Scrambling Anaphora -Negation Control -Coordination

  6. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Agreement Simple structure: (3) • Missing Nom.  Default

  7. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Embedded structure: (4) • Missing Nom. in matrix clause  Default

  8. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: (5) • behaves like embedded structure  no complexe predicate

  9. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: (6) • behaves like simple structure  complexe predicate

  10. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Control Participial adverbials: (7)

  11. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: (8) • like a simple sentence

  12. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: (9) • two controllers possible  embedded construction

  13. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Anaphora Reflexive: Reflexive apnaa: always subject antecedent (10)

  14. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Pronominal Pronominal us-kaa: never subject antecendent (11)

  15. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Pronominal: Permissive (12) • like simple sentence

  16. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Reflexive: Permissive (13) • like simple sentence

  17. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Reflexive: Tell construction (14) • Matrix subject is not antecedent  Reflexive in a different domain

  18. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Pronominal: Tell construction (15) • Matrix subject may be antecedent as well as iObj  Reflexive in a different domain

  19. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Scrambling Simple structure: • Scrambling Possibilities: • Any direct daughter of S can scramble freely (see handout (16)) • No scrambling out of constituents or within constituents (see handout (17))

  20. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: (18)

  21. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: • unexpected: (19)

  22. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: (20) • two possible constituents: 1. the two predicates or 2. The infinitiv predicate

  23. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: (21) • expected

  24. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: • unexpected (22)

  25. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: (23)

  26. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Negation Simple structure: • Sentential negation applies left within a V‘ (24)

  27. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: • expected (25)

  28. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: (26) • unexpected

  29. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Coordination Simple structure: • Constituents can be coordinated • something that can coordinate does not have to be a constituent (27)

  30. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Simple structure: (28)

  31. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: • expected (29)

  32. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Tell construction: • unexpected (30)

  33. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: • unexpected (31)

  34. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Permissive: • expected (32)

  35. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Problem: • can be distinguished by binding and agreement facts • can not be distinguished by phrase structure

  36. Analysis in LFG

  37. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis Analysis Analysis in LFG: • Seperate Representation of Information • Similarities on c-structure (phrase structure) and a-structure • Differences on f-structure (grammatical function)

  38. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis F-Structure: Flat f-structure permissive: SUBJ [PRED ‚Anjum‘] OBJgo [PRED ‚Saddaf‘] PRED ‚let write‘ < __, __, __ >‘ OBJ [PRED ‚note‘]

  39. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis F-Structure: Complex f-structure: Tell Construction SUBJ [PRED ‚Anjum‘] OBJgo [PRED ‚Saddaf‘] PRED ‚say <__, __, __ >‘ PRED ‚write <__, __ >‘ XCOMP SUBJ [ ] OBJ [PRED ‚note‘ ]

  40. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis C-Structure: Permissive

  41. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis C-Structure: Tell Construction

  42. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis A-Structure: • de ,let‘ contains transparent Event  fusion of argument structures • kah ‚say‘ contains non-transparent Event  no fusion (f-structure  embedded argument structure)  Both: complex a-structure

  43. Complex Predicates • Constructions in focus • Agreement • Control • Anaphora • Scrambling • Negation • Coordination • Analysis • Distinction only on f-structure • Characterization of a complex Predicate: A complex a-structure maps onto a flat f-structure. While realization of c-structure may but doesn‘t have to be complex.

  44. Complex Predicates Literature: Butt, Miriam. (1994). Complex Predicate Scrambling in Urdu. In: Miriam Butt, Tracy Holloway, Gillian Ramchand, (eds.). Theoretical Perspectives on Word Order in South Asian Languages. CSLI Publications.67-90

  45. Thank you for listening

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