Concept Presentation- Motion

1. Concept Presentation- Motion • Sheeladevi Ravindran • Alexandra Kaklamanos

2. Motion What are your thoughts on motion?

3. Big Ideas • Motion involves a change in the position of an object over time. • Motion can be described using mathematical relationships. • Many technologies that apply concepts related to kinematics have societal and environmental implications

4. Overall Expectations • B1. analyse technologies that apply concepts related to kinematics, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact; • B2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, uniform and non-uniform linear motion, and solve related problems; • B3. demonstrate an understanding of uniform and non-uniform linear motion, in one and two dimensions.

5. Motion

6. Prior Knowledge • Grade 2 : Movement • Grade 3 : Forces causing movement • Grade 5 : Forces acting on structures and mechanisms • Grade 7 : Form and Function • Grade 8 : Systems in Action

8. Hook

9. Student Challenges Undifferentiated view Position, Velocity & Acceleration Speed vs. Velocity Distance vs. Displacement Velocity vs. Acceleration Creating and Understanding graphs

10. Common Misconceptions • Time can be measured without knowing the beginning of the interval. • The location of an object can be described by stating its distance from a given point, ignoring direction. • The distance an object travels and its displacement are always the same. • An object’s speed is the same as its velocity. • If an object is accelerating, then the object is speeding up. • An object’s acceleration cannot change direction. • Acceleration always occurs in the same direction as an object is moving. • If an object has a speed of zero (even instantaneously), it has no acceleration.

11. Lesson 1 – Frame of Reference

12. Lesson 2 – Position & displacement

13. Lesson 3 – Speed vs. Velocity (vectors)

14. Lesson 4 – Velocity

15. Lesson 5 – Acceleration

16. Lesson 6 – Circular Motion

17. Lab:Motion of a Motorized Cart Purpose: To study the motion (position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration) of a motorized cart. To practice constructing position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs for a motion. Equipment: constant velocity motorized cart meter stick or metric tape about 2 meters of ticker tape graph paper masking tape stopwatch or watch with a seconds hand data table grading rubric

18. Procedure: • Setup: • Fasten a 2-meter strip of ticker tape to your lab table with masking tape. • Place the motorized cart beside the tape, near one end. Mark the cart's starting position on the tape. • Adjust the speed of the cart so that it takes at least 30 seconds for the cart to move the length of the tape. • Taking the Data: • There are 3 jobs: • one person's job is to release the cart at the start of the run • a second person marks the position of the cart on the ticker tape • the third person watches the clock and calls out regular (5 second intervals might be convenient) time intervals. • You may want to make a couple of practice runs in order to get everyone coordinated, and remember that the tape has another side if you mess it up. When you are ready, release the cart and record its positions.

19. Analysis: • Use a meter stick to measure each position of the cart (from the start). Record your data in the data table • Plot each position/time data pair on a position vs. time graph. Title the graph, select scale and title axes. • Draw the straight line (use a straight edge) that best fits your data points. DO NOT "connect the dots". Calculate and record the displacement of the cart during each time interval. • Calculate and record the average velocity (displacement/time) of the cart during each time interval. • Plot each velocity/time data pair on a velocity vs. time graph. Title graph, select a scale, and title axes. • Draw the straight line (use a straight edge) that best fits your data points. DO NOT "connect the dots". • Calculate the slope of the position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs. Show your calculation.

20. Discussion Questions How do successive displacements of the cart compare? Why? What is the slope of the position vs. time graph? What is the significance of this value? How would the position vs. time graph be different if the cart had gone faster or slower? What is the slope of the velocity vs. time graph? What is the significance of this value? Was the velocity of the cart more-or-less constant during its motion? How do you know? How would the velocity vs. time graph be different if the cart had gone faster or slower? What was the acceleration of the cart during its motion? How do you know?

21. The good thing with the labs in this unit is that they do not require any specific safety procedures to be set in place BUT students should still be reminded that all equipment ought to be used as instructed, and that NO HORSEPLAY will be tolerated. Students who do not follow the rules will be asked to sit out and will get a failing mark on the specific assignment.

22. Assessment: Rubric Data for time and position are entered accurately and neatly. 0-1 Calculations Displacements and average velocities are correct and readable. 0-1 Sample Calculations Sample calculations for displacement and average velocity are complete, correct, and clearly shown. 0-1 Graphs Position vs. time and velocity vs time graphs are accurate. The position and velocity axes are clearly and correctly labelled. A best-fit line has been drawn. 0-3 Results & Conclusions Questions are answered clearly and correctly using literate, complete English sentences. 0-4 Total 0-10

23. Possible Teaching Strategies Constructivist teaching strategies : - Pretest - Group Learning - Student debates - Demonstrations - Micro Computer Laboratory - Student/ Teacher initiated inquiries - Field trip

24. Other Teaching Ideas • Power Point: http://www.batesville.k12.in.us/Physics/PhyNet/Mechanics/Kinematics/kine_in_a_nutshell.htm • Other Labs: Accelerated Motion, Acceleration due to Gravity, Circular Motion • Amusement Park Field Trip • Problems Solving – Numerical and Non-numerical • Practical Application

25. Inquiry Activity Please refer to the handout on « Moving Man – Simulation » and do the exercise online.

26. Moving man clicker QUIZ Draw a velocity-time graph would best depict the following scenario? A man starts at the origin, walks back slowly and steadily for 6 seconds. Then he stands still for 6 seconds, then walks forward steadily about twice as fast for 6 seconds

27. If the acceleration is Zero, the man must be standing still • A. True • B. False

28. Velocity and acceleration are always the same sign (both positive or both negative). A. True • B. False

29. Math in Science • Problem 1 • In last week's Homecoming victory, Al Konfurance, the star halfback of South's football team, broke a tackle at the line of scrimmage and darted upfield untouched. He averaged 9.8 m/s for an 80-yard (73 m) score. Determine the time for Al to run from the line of scrimmage to the end zone. • Audio Guided Solution- http://www.physicsclassroom.com/calcpad/1dkin/prob4.

30. Math in Science • Problem 2 • The Lamborghini Murcielago can accelerate from 0 to 27.8 m/s (100 km/hr or 62.2 mi/hr) in a time of 3.40 seconds. Determine the acceleration of this car in both m/s/s and mi/hr/s. • Audio Guided Solution-http://www.physicsclassroom.com/calcpad/1dkin/prob7.cfm

31. Practical Applications • Speed gun - for measuring the speed of a ball • Accelometers used in video consoles • Photo radars – in cars • GPS • Students should research how some of these work and share with others.

32. Useful Websites http://www.batesville.k12.in.us/Physics/PhyNet/Mechanics/Kinematics/kine_in_a_nutshell.htm http://homepage.mac.com/vtalsma/misconcept.html http://fi.edu/pieces/knox/automaton/motionlplans.htm http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Forces_Motion/ http://www.brighthub.com/education/k-12/articles/35418.aspx

33. Thank you ! Please copy and paste the link here to view a video on position, velocity and acceleration ! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6Onfqt-Vzw