Life in Nazi occupied countries

1. Life in Nazi occupied countries History 12 Ms Leslie

2. France • Surrender terms states France must pay for the Nazi army in their country • Transportation becomes disorganized • Shortage of fuel • Labour shortages

3. Lack of food • Nazi army plundered to feed itself • Food rations for locals • Barter for food with cigarettes • Not so bad in rural areas

4. The Dictatorship • Obligatory Work Force - Hundreds of Thousands of French workers sent to Germany forcefully • Curfew - could not go out an night with out permission, had to shutter windows • Education - Children indoctrinated with the new ideas of the Vichy regime • Jews - discriminated against

5. French Jews • Vichy France complied with Nazi views on Jews and eugenics • Strip citizenship away from the Jews • Require ‘pure’ French couples to obtain a license to have babies • July 1942 - French begin rounding up the Jewish population, including Women and Children - something the Gestapo did not ask for

6. Vichy gov’t deports 76,000 Jews - only 2,500 survive • It’s important to note the French exceeded the expectations of Hitler when it came to turning over their Jewish population

7. Occupied Norway • Quisling, leader of the Norwegian Nazis becomes leader • Most fortified country during the war - 1 Nazi for every 8 Norwegians. • Food shortages - the people kept livestock in their homes and grew veggies in city parks

8. Resistance • Only 10% of the population supported the Nazis • Exiled gov’t in London made radio broadcasts in Norwiegien • Operation cold shoulder • Eventually there was a 40,000 member resistance army

9. Collaborators • 15,000 Norwegians volunteered for the Nazi army - 6,000 of which see action (total population 3 million) • Lebensborn- children fathered by Nazi soldiers under the program. Are discriminated against after the war

10. Occupied Holland • Set up a German civilian government • Policy of Gleichschaltung - enforced conformity • 1940 - all socialist activities outlawed • 1941 - only political party allowed is the Nazis • A huge shake up since most Dutch politics are religious based

11. Hitler saw the Dutch race as part of the Aryan race. • Wanted to make it part of the greater Germanic empire

12. Dutch Jews • Persecution started after occupation • Feb 1941- Nazis start deportation - the Dutch go on strike • This action is completely unique in Nazi occupied countries - but the Leaders are executed • Nazis set up the Jewish Counsil

13. Dutch Roman Catholic Church Publicly condemns the actions of the Nazis • R-C Priests are sent to concentration camps

14. High Jewish death toll • Of the 140,000 Dutch Jews only 30,000 Survive • The Dutch had good civil records • The people did not know about the extermination • There was a huge effort to hide the Jews - but 1/3 of those who did, did not survive the war

15. Oppression of the Dutch • Civilians forced in to labour • Men 18-45 to work in German Factories • Food taken out of Holland • Germans built a huge coastal defensive line (the Atlantic Wall) this meant Houses are destroyed and people displaced • Civilians forced to do it - worked slowly and poorly

19. Winter of Hunger1944-45 • Unusually cold winter = less food • Forced to forage for 10s of kms looking for sugar beets and tulip bulbs to eat • Thousands died • RAF eventually able to drop food • Audrey Hepburn lived through it at had life-long effects

20. Collaboration • Some woman collaborated with the Germans • Some Dutch captured hidden Jews for bounty • After the war collaborators were treated harshly • Women were dragged on to the streets and had their heads forcibly shaved • They would also be covered in orange paint.