Thursday.

1. Thursday. • Get your clicker – Clicker Q’s • 10.4 France – Group Activity • I’m thinking PET Test tomorrow • IF YOU WON’T BE HERE TOMORROW SEE ME BEFORE THE END OF CLASS • Random Fact of the Day • Cape Town, South Africa, was the location of the first successful heart transplant. The surgery was completed in 1967.

2. Numero Uno • Bismarck's Kulturkampf represented an effort to? • weaken the political influence of the Catholic Church in Germany • halt the spread of Pan-Slavism in the Balkans • strengthen anti-French feelings in Germany on the eve of the Franco-Prussian War • point out to Europeans the true nature of the so-called Yellow Peril • undermine the influence of the socialists in Germany

3. Numero Dos • The term realpolitik applies to Bismarck's? • support of Pan-Germanism • support of Pan-Slavism • admiration of Cavour's constitutional reforms in Italy • realistic support of the liberal factions in the Prussian Parliament • use of tricks, deceit, and military force to accomplish unification and to implement other policies

4. France! 10.4 1848-1905ish

5. Big QuestionsMake sure to address these questions in your notes. • Discuss how Louis Napoleon made the Second French Republic (1848-1852) a more conservative state. • After crowning himself emperor, how does Louis Napoleon ensure authoritarian rule and control over the French empire? • How does the construction of new roads help Napoleon’s regime control unrest among the French? • After the fall of the Empire in 1871, discuss the events surrounding the Paris Commune, and evaluate the connection between it and Marx’s predicted communist society.

6. Second French Republic (1848-1852) • Republic features strong president and universal male suffrage • Louis Napoleon (nephew on Napoleon) becomes new president • Seen as figure of strength and stability • Favors the conservative elements of society in return for their support • Control of education to the Church (Falloux Laws) • Disenfranchises many poor people over time • Jailing leaders of democratic-socialist movement

7. Déjà Vu! • Legislative Assembly does not extend Napoleon’s term limit, so he triggers a coup d’etat to take control of France • Crowned Emperor Napoleon III • Second French Empire • Restores universal suffrage, gets ten-year term…eventually voted in hereditary emperor • Gains support of masses through French nationalism

8. Napoleon’s Liberal Empire (1852-1871) • Direct and Authoritarian Rule • Censorship of press • Wealthy businessmen have great influence • Gov’t sponsors candidates in elections • Political Reforms • Extends power of Legislative Assembly • Education returns to the state, much to Church’s displeasure • Permitted trade unions and right to strike…at times

9. Napoleon’s Liberal Empire (1852-1871) • Economic Reforms • Develops infrastructure • Baron Georges von Haussmann redevelops Paris • Wider streets discourages popular rebellion through barricades • Encourages free trade • Credit Mobilier funds industrial growth • Investment in foreign projects like the Suez Canal

10. Napoleon’s weakness – Foreign Policy • Unpopular intervention in Rome to save the Pope during the 1848-49 revolutions • Unpopular involvement in the Crimean War • Liberal reforms done in part to distract from unpopular foreign policy • Beat down by Prussia (Germany) in Franco-Prussian War in 1870 – collapse of the 2nd French Empire

11. The Third French Republic 1870-1940

12. Paris Commune (1871) • After Napoleon III’s capture… • New constitution  National Assembly created with AdolpheTheirs in charge • Radical communist government Paris Commune takes control of Paris in spite of new constitution • Paris Commune holds off National Assembly for three months…thousands die and 20K are executed afterward

13. What is this Monday business. • Turn in Romanticism Work! • 10.3 Podcast – By Thursday • Finish 10.4 • Paris Commune/Dreyfus Affair • Reading and Discussion • Beginning 10.5 Notes – GB • Random Fact of the Day • This is a painting of George Washington right after he threw a frisbee.

14. Paris Commune

17. Third French Republic (1875) • Largely dominated by the bourgeoisie • New government structure • Strong legislative (Chamber of Deputies) • Universal suffrage • Weak executive • Reforms • Jules Ferry – secular, compulsory education…public schools are supported by taxes • Trade unions fully legalized

18. Boulanger Crisis (1887-89) • Georges Boulanger gains support of military and attempts to overthrow the Republic • Republic summoned Boulanger to trial…he fled to Belgium and committed suicide • Increased confidence and legitimacy of the Republic

19. Dreyfus Affair • Who was Alfred Dreyfus? What was he accused of? • Describe his journey through the French judicial system. • What impact would this event have on France at large? What “-isms” would triumph?

20. Dreyfus Affair (1894) • Military falsely charged Alfred Dreyfus, a Jew, with supplying secrets to the Germans • Monarchists & Conservatives push his conviction and bash the supporters of the Republic • Socialists support the Republic through turbulent times • Dreyfus declared innocent 12 years later • Led to alliance between the republicans and the socialists

24. Zola“J’accuse”

25. Overview • By 1914… • Socialists gain influence in the Chamber of Deputies • Old conservatives lose their power • The Third Republic enjoys the support of the French people