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FUNDAMENTALS OF FUEL SYSTEMS

FUNDAMENTALS OF FUEL SYSTEMS. TOPIC 1. OBJECTIVES. Student should be able to: SO 1.1 EXPLAIN PETROLAS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM SO 1.3 PERFORM SELECTED TASKS ON PETROL SYSTEMS SO 1.4 EXPLAIN DIESEL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL

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FUNDAMENTALS OF FUEL SYSTEMS

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  1. FUNDAMENTALS OF FUEL SYSTEMS TOPIC 1

  2. OBJECTIVES Student should be able to: SO 1.1 EXPLAIN PETROLAS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM SO 1.3 PERFORM SELECTED TASKS ON PETROL SYSTEMS SO 1.4 EXPLAIN DIESEL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL SO 1.5 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM SO 1.6 PERFORM SELECTED TASKS ON DIESEL FUELSYSTEMS

  3. SO 1.1 EXPLAIN PETROL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL 1.1.1 Safety when working with fuel (HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION) - EYES • Moderate irritant. Contact with liquid or vapor may cause irritation. - SKIN Practically non-toxic if absorbed following acute (single) exposure. May cause skin irritation with -INGESTION • Danger of aspiration (breathing). • Liquid drops into the lungs. severe lung damage, respiratory failure and even death occur. • Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of consciousness, coma, respiratory arrest, and death may occur. -INHALATION • Excessive exposure may cause irritations to the nose, throat, lungs and respiratory tract. Central nervous • system (brain) effects may include headache, dizziness, loss of balance and coordination, • unconsciousness, coma, respiratory failure, and death. • WARNING: the burning of any hydrocarbon as a fuel in an area without adequate ventilation may result • in hazardous levels of combustion products, including carbon -CHRONIC EFFECTS and CARCINOGENICITY • Benzene has the potential to cause anemia and other blood diseases, including • Leukemia, after repeated and prolonged exposure. -MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE • Irritation from skin exposure may aggravate existing open wounds. • Chronic respiratory disease, liver or kidney dysfunction, nervous system disorders.

  4. SO 1.1 EXPLAIN PETROL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL 1.1.2 Different grades and types of petrol; • Types of Fuel: - Petrol - Petrol mix - Diesel - Kerosene • Grades: - Regular 91 - Premium 95 Double click on petrol Color.

  5. SO 1.1 EXPLAIN PETROL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL 1.1.3 Additives in fuel; • Detergents • Lubricity additives • Antifoam additives • Demulsifies • Friction modifiers • Combustion modifiers

  6. SO 1.1 EXPLAIN PETROL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL 1.1.4 How air and petrol mix; The Basic Carburetor -A carburetor is an open pipe, a "throat" or "barrel" through which the air passes into the inlet manifold of the engine. -A narrow part in the barrel is called a venturi. The venturi increase the airspeed through the barrel. -Below the venturi is a butterfly valve called the throttle valve -This valve controls the flow of air through the carburetor depending on engine speed. Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the venturi. Fuel flow in response to a particular pressure drop in the venturi is adjusted by means of precisely-calibrated orifices, referred to as jets, in the fuel path.

  7. 1.1.4 How air and petrol mix Animation The throttle plate opens and air speed increase through carburettor throat Internal vacuum lift piston upwards And metering needle move out of main Jet and fuel is released into air stream. Vaporization of fuel takes place.

  8. 1.1.5 Petrol combustion process How do we ignite the air/fuel mixture? Remember the FOUR STROKES? High voltage from the ignition coil cause an electric spark to jump between the electrodes of the spark plug igniting the fuel. Sparkplug

  9. SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM 1.2.1 Safety procedures when working on Electronic Fuel Injection(EFI) • Bleed system • Do not start engine with fuel injector removed • Use appropriate testing equipment • Wear PPE • Have fire extinguisher ready

  10. SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM 1.2.2 The operation of single and twin choke carburettors. Single Choke Twin Choke CarburettorCarburettor

  11. SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM 1.2.3 Carburettors circuits • Idle circuit • Intermediate circuit • Low speed circuit • High speed circuit • Choke circuit

  12. SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM 1.2.4 Mixture adjustments to improve exhaust gasses determines how well the fuel burn’ Factors determine combustion efficiency: • Correct ignition timing • Cooling system efficiency • Air filter condition • Sensors condition • Carburettor correctly tuned • Engine in good mechanical condition • Spark plugs and high tension leads in good condition

  13. SO 1.2 EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A PETROL FUEL SYSTEM 1.2.5 Components of the Electronic fuel Injection system.

  14. PERFORM SELECTED TASKS ON PETROL SYSTEMS SO 1.3 • Use hand Vacuum pump • Complete a basic carburettor check • Complete a fuel pump check • Complete fault finding. • CLIP

  15. SO 1.4 EXPLAIN DIESEL AS AN AUTOMOTIVE FUEL • Different types and grades of diesel • Diesel additives • How air and diesel mix • Diesel combustion process

  16. EXPLAIN THE OPERATION OF A DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM SO 1.5 • Safety procedures • Operation of an in-line injector pump • Operation of a rotary injector pump • Operation of different diesel injectors • Operation of the glow plug • Systems in diesel fuel system to improve emission levels. YOUR LECTURER WILL NOW SHOW A DVD AND ASSIST YOU WITH ANY QUESTIONS. • CLASS ACTIVITY: KEEP A PEN AND PAPER READY AND WRITE ALL QUESTIONS DOWN.

  17. SO 1.6 PERFORM SELECTED TASKS ON DIESEL FUELSYSTEMS Purpose of the tasks is to maintain the fuel system • Locate online Diesel repair manuals for diesel injection systems • Research the special tools for testing and working on diesel injection system • Complete a standard service on a diesel system according to manufacturing specifications • Perform a test on injectors to determine • CLASS ACTIVITY: WORK INPAIRS AND COMPILE CHECKLISTS FOR THE SELECTED TASKS ON DIESEL FUEL SYSTEMS. YOUR LECTURER WILL NOW TAKE YOUTO THE WORKSHOP. HERE HE/SHE WILL ASSIST YOU IN THE ABOVE TASKS.

  18. QUESTIONS RELATED TO DIESEL FUEL • Is the color of diesel fuel an indication of its quality? • What special precautions need to be taken with diesel fuel that must be stored for a long period of time? • Do some diesel fuels lack lubricity? • Will very low sulfur diesel fuels affect my fuel system seals? • I accidentally mixed gasoline with my diesel fuel. What can I do? • Does diesel fuel block filters?

  19. QUESTIONS RELATED TO DIESEL FUEL • Does diesel fuel block filters? • Has the energy content of diesel fuel changed? • What is the cetane number of diesel fuel? • How much No. 1-D diesel fuel must I add to No. 2-D diesel fuel to lower the cloud point for winter weather? • What is the difference between No. 1-D diesel fuel and No. 2-D diesel fuel, and can they be used interchangeably? • Can I get rid of my used engine oil by adding it to diesel fuel? INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: RESEARH THE QUESTIONS.

  20. CREDITS • ATB-Automotive Training Board New South Wales • Google images

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