How to Avoid Plagiarism

How to Avoid Plagiarism English Works! Tutorial & Instructional Programs SAC 1221 Hours M - Th 9 am – 10 pm Fridays 9 am – 4 pm

Table of Contents • What is Plagiarism? • Intentional vs. Unintentional Plagiarism • Common Forms of Plagiarism • How to Avoid Plagiarism • Citations • Your Teacher’s Expectations • Quotations • Paraphrases • Summaries • Activities • TIP Services • Gallaudet University’sAcademic Honesty Policy

What is plagiarism? • Plagiarism comes from the Latin word plagiarius, which means kidnapper  (Menager-Beeley & Paulos, 2006). • Plagiarism can occur when copying, summarizing, paraphrasing, or citing common knowledge (Roig, n.d)., facts, ideas, and/or words without giving credit to the person from whom you got the information (http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/plagiarism.html). Gallaudet University. (2002, March 7). How to Avoid Plagiarism. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/plagiarism.html Menager-Beeley, R. & Paulos, L. (2006). Understanding plagiarism: a student guide to writing your own work. New York, NY:Houghton Mifflin. Roig, M. (n.d.) Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing.Retrieved September 21, 2005 from: http://facpub.stjohns.edu/~roigm/plagiarism/Plagiarism%20and%20common.html

Intentional vs. Unintentional Plagiarism What are some examples of intentional and unintentional plagiarism? (Mundava &Garrett, 2005) Mundava, M. & Garrett, M. (2005, January 24). Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from the University of Tennessee Libraries Website, PowerPoint Presentation: http://www.lib.utk.edu/instruction/plagiarism/

Intentional vs. Unintentional Plagiarism Why do students intentionally or unintentionally plagiarize?(Council of Writing Program Administrators, 2003) Council of Writing Program Administrators. (2003). Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from http://www.wpacouncil.org

Common forms of plagiarism • Downloading a free research paper; • Buying a paper from a research paper mill; • Copying an article from the internet, or from a local source; • Cutting and pasting from several sources; and • Faking a citation (Harris, 2002). Harris, R. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. Retrieved March 11, 2002 from http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm

How to avoid plagiarism When you write something that includes: • Words; • Opinions; • Statistics; • Facts; • Information from an author or any other source, and • Pictorial representations, you are required to put down a footnote, quotation marks, and/or an in-text parenthetical reference to the author. If there is no author, then state where you found the information.

Citations Citations have to be used when you use these methods: • Quoting • Paraphrasing • Summarizing • Common knowledge (when applicable) • You must write where you got your information from. • If you are not sure, ask your teacher. There are many styles of citations. This PowerPoint is using APA style. You need to look at your syllabus or ask your teacher what style s/he requires in order to cite appropriately. Some teachers will modify citation styles to fit their preference.

Your Teacher’s Expectations Your FYS teacher asks that when you write summaries or quotations from your textbook, include the author’s last name and page number in parenthesis. • EX: … People’s driving behavior has really changed since 1985. (Vartebedian p.13) NOTE: This is not APA style.

What is a quotation? • A quote is a word, sentence, or sentences that a writer copies exactly from a source. • A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words). • For quotes of 40 or more words, it stands alone without quotation marks and is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin. • Several Gallaudet faculty state that if you use a minimum of five words from a sentence, you should cite it.

Sample of a short quotation Dismissal actions for academic dishonesty will be made by the Provost. Students dismissed for academic dishonesty will be ineligible to return to the University, except by special action of the Committee on Faculty and Student affairs.Short Direct Quotation:Gallaudet’s Academic Honesty Policy states that all “Dismissal actions for academic dishonesty will be made by the Provost.” (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf) Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf

A professor who discovers that a student is involved in unethical practices in connection with required coursework or examinations has full discretion to give a failing grade for the particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/or recommend dismissal.Long Direct Quotation (40 words or more): Sample of a long quotation A professor who discovers that a student is involved in unethical practices in connection with required coursework or examinations has full discretion to give a failing grade for the particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/or recommend dismissal. (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf) Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf

What is a paraphrase? Paraphrasing is the process of changing an author's words into your own words. • As a writing technique, paraphrasing allows you to summarize another writer's ideas, to fit them smoothly in with your own ideas, or to use another person's ideas to prove your own thesis. • Give credit! When you paraphrase a writer in your paper, you must give credit to the original author of the ideas. Gallaudet University. (2002, March 8). Guide to Paraphrasing. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/paraphrasing.html

Sample of paraphrased information from the "Academic Honesty Policy.” Original Paragraph: A professor who discovers that a student is involved in unethical practices in connection with required coursework or examinations has full discretion to give a failing grade for the particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/or recommend dismissal (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf). Possible Paraphrase for this paragraph: According to Gallaudet's "Academic Honesty Policy," teachers have three options if they catch a student cheating on a test or paper: 1) give the student an "F" for the test or paper; 2) give the student an "F" for the whole course; or 3) suggest that the student be kicked out of school (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf). Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf

What is a summary? A summary is a shortened version of someone else's writing or thoughts. A summary must: • be shorter than the original source (article, book, passage) approximately one third the length of the original source; • include the main idea of the original source in your own words; • include major details (also known as supporting ideas) in your own words; • should not include your knowledge, ideas or opinion. • Give credit! When you summarize an article, a chapter, or a book, you must give credit to the original author of the ideas. Gallaudet University. (2001, June 2). Guide to Summary Writing. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/paraphrasing.html

Sample of a summary from the "Academic Honesty Policy” Gallaudet University's "Academic Honesty Policy" states that students need to be honest when filling out forms, taking tests, and doing writing assignments. If students are not honest, they can be severely punished. For example, if a student lies on an official form, like an application, the student can be dismissed from the university. Also, if a teacher finds that a student cheated on a test or a paper the teacher can grade the student's test or paper with an "F." The teacher can also flunk the student for the whole course, or the teacher can ask the Provost to kick the student out of school for academic dishonesty. The Provost decides if a student should be dismissed or not (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf). Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf

Plagiarism Activity Does this paragraph have plagiarized information? Most universities have strict policies about plagiarism. For example, Gallaudet University students are expected to represent themselves honestly at all times or they can get kicked out of school. This paragraph needs to be cited because the information was retrieved from the Gallaudet catalog even though it was written in the author’s own words (paraphrasing).

TIP Services - EnglishWorks! Find us at: http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/ Gallaudet University. (2002, April 28). EnglishWorks! Retrieved February 25, 2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/

TIP Services SEMESTER TUTORING Semester tutoring in subject areas: Monday—Thursday 9:00 am– 10:00 pm Friday 9:00 am– 4:00 pm SAC 1221 MATH WALK-IN Open to all students who need help with math: Sunday– Thursday 7:00 pm– 10:00 pm SAC 2212 STUDY TABLE WALK-IN On-the-spot tutoring and resources available: Sunday– Thursday 7:00 pm– 10:00 pm SAC 1213 Semester Tutoring is available for all students in any subject. Visit SAC 1221 to fill out an application. Walk-In Labs are available for students taking math and/or English. No appointments needed -- just walk in and ask for help. WALK-IN WRITING ADVICE One-on-one writing advice: Monday– Thursday 9:00 am– 10:00 pm Friday 9:00– 4:00 pm SAC 1221 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED LITERACY (DAL) LAB WALK-IN English Walk-in for Students in: ALT 50, 70, 80 & ELI Sundays- Thursdays 7:00 pm—10:00 pm HMB W221 Computer Lab

TIP Services- Writing Advisor’s Role Writing Advisors do NOT edit or proofread papers. • Writing advisors will make suggestions on how to make changes in the areas of: • organization, • grammar, • vocabulary and • clarity; and • Students will make changes to their papers. Writing advisors do not make changes to students’ papers.

Tip Services - SmarThinking! SmarThinking is an online tutoring and writing advice service that is available to all registered Gallaudet students, 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Click here for directions on how to access SmarThinking. Gallaudet University. (2005, August 9). SmartThinking! Retrieved February 25, 2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/tip/infopages/smarthinking.htm

Academic Honesty Policy Gallaudet University students are expected to represent themselves honestly at all times and in all contact with University faculty, administration, and staff. Misrepresentation on University documents, course assignments, or examinations is in conflict with the spirit and teachings of a university. All students are expected to learn and abide by the rules and regulations of Gallaudet University, to provide full and accurate information on University documents, and to acquaint themselves fully with proper procedures for doing research, writing papers, and taking examinations. If a student knowingly provides false information or forges or conceals relevant information on admissions, registration, or any other University document, the student's registration may be canceled. If such a discovery is made after a student is officially enrolled in the University, that student may be dismissed from the University. A professor who discovers that a student is involved in unethical practices in connection with required coursework or examinations has full discretion to give a failing grade for the particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/ or recommend dismissal. Dismissal actions for academic dishonesty will be made by the Provost. Students dismissed for academic dishonesty will be ineligible to return to the University, except by special action of the Committee on Faculty and Student Affairs. Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf

How to Avoid Plagiarism