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Ecological Approaches in the New Public Health

Ecological Approaches in the New Public Health. Mathaniel Lehmann. Structural Model of Health Behavior (Cohen et al., 2000). Emphasizes Environmental Influences on Behavior Availability / Accessibility Physical Structures Social Structures and Policy Media and Cultural Influences.

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Ecological Approaches in the New Public Health

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  1. Ecological Approaches in the New Public Health Mathaniel Lehmann

  2. Structural Model of Health Behavior (Cohen et al., 2000) Emphasizes Environmental Influences on Behavior Availability / Accessibility Physical Structures Social Structures and Policy Media and Cultural Influences

  3. Availability / Accessibility • Greater Access, more likely behavior occurs • Reduced Access, less likely behavior occurs • Methods • Physical Limitations • Price Elasticity

  4. Physical Structures • Changes in the built environment can lead to behavior changes • “Children Can’t Fly” • Window Guards • Bike Paths • Defensible Spaces

  5. Social Structures and Policy • Regulations • Seat Belts • Smoking • Alcohol

  6. Media and Cultural Influences Shapes social norms about the acceptability and attractiveness of engaging in certain health behaviors Stereotypes: http://youtu.be/JGWy7mp60A4 Cain: http://youtu.be/lwawPMSJins

  7. Behavioral Ecological Model(Hovell et al., 2009) Social/Cultural • Focuses on the Effects of Metacontingencies • Applies concept of Operant Conditioning to the societal level Community Local Outside the Skin Individual Level Context Consequences Behavior Learning History Within the Skin Physiology Anatomy Genome

  8. Structural Interventions • The environment provides important influences on health and behavior • Structures can be altered to support the adoption and maintenance of health-protective behaviors • Physical • Legal • Economic • Regulatory • The Tale of Two Cities

  9. Microenvironments and Macroenvironments • Microenvironments are proximal • Fresh food in your home • Macroenvironments are distal • Fast-food outlets in community

  10. Microenvironments and Macroenvironments • Asymmetric Paternalism • Healthful “choice” is the default option by giving access to the healthy choice and inhibiting access to the unhealthy choice • Stair placement • Emphasis on low-fat menu items • Zoning regulations limiting alcohol and fast-food

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