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Science GPS Review Grade 5. Scientific Inquiry. Problem or question Hypothesis Procedure Observations Conclusions. Earth Science.
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Scientific Inquiry Problem or question Hypothesis Procedure Observations Conclusions
Earth Science Earth’s surface is changed through constructive and destructive processes. If something is constructed, it is built up. If something is destructed, it is destroyed.
Earth Science Deposition (deltas, sand dunes) – the dropping of sediments that have been moved from one place to another
Earth Science Plate tectonics – theory that giant plates of crust are slowly moving across Earth’s surface
Earth Science Earthquakes – violent shaking of the Earth’s crust as built-up energy is released Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
Earth Science Volcanoes – formed when magma breaks through the surface
Earth Science Seismic Waves – waves of energy sent through Earth’s crust when parts of the crust move suddenly
Earth Science Ring of Fire – are of many earthquakes and volcanoes along the edge of the Pacific Ocean
Earth Science Surface features caused by destructive processes: • Erosion • Weathering • Impact of organisms • Earthquakes • Volcanoes
Earth Science Erosion – carrying away of sediments by moving water, wind, or ice
Earth Science Weathering – can be mechanical (rocks broken into smaller pieces called sediment) or chemical (rocks change into other materials or dissolve)
Chemical weathering, takes place when at least some of the rock’s minerals are changed into different substances. Chemical processes include rain, acid etching by plants, oxidizing, and demineralizing by water.
Mechanical weathering, involves physically breaking rocks into fragments without changing the chemical make-up of the minerals within them.There are four main sources of power for mechanical weathering.Gravity, Water, Wind, & WavesOf these, water appears to be the leader in changing the surface.
Earth Science FLOOD CONTROL: dam – a wall across a river that controls the flow of river water
Earth Science FLOOD CONTROL: levee – a wall along the banks of a river that serves to keep the water behind it
Earth Science FLOOD CONTROL: storm drain – a system of pipes or channels that carry away storm water)
Earth Science BEACH RECLAMATION: (Georgia coastal islands) – beach erosion is caused by dredging (deepening bodies of water), rivers changing direction, and rising ocean levels – beaches can be rebuilt through nourishment (adding more sand), building sea walls to stop erosion
Earth Science BEACH RECLAMATION:
Physical Science The mass of an object is equal to the sum of its parts. This clay ball has a certain mass. If I break it into pieces, the mass of the pieces will be the same as the entire ball.
Physical Science Physical properties of matter: color, shape, texture, luster, density
Physical Science Chemical properties of matter (can only be seen when a chemical change has happened) – air can cause rust, water, heat
Physical Science Physical Changes Do not result in a new material Ex. Folding paper Ex. Water changing state (through changes in temperature)
Physical Science Chemical Changes result in a new material being created. Ex. Oxidation from rusting of metal or browning of fruit Ex. Combining vinegar and baking soda to produce a gas Ex. Decaying material in a compost pile
Physical Science When a chemical change occurs, there may also be: • A change in temperature • A gas being released • A change in acidity • A change in measurement • A change in physical attributes (color, texture, odor)
Physical Science Static electricity – electric charge built up on material
Physical Science Electric current – a continuous flow of electric charges
Physical Science Complete circuit – the pathway that an electric current follows
Physical Science Insulators (stop electric flow) and conductors (allow electricity to flow)
Physical Science Parallel circuit – more than one pathway for the electricity to follow
Physical Science Series circuit – only one pathway for the electricity to follow
Physical Science Bar magnets (attract some metals) and electromagnet (a strong temporary magnet)
Life Science Classify organisms into five kingdoms (animal, plant, fungi, protists, bacteria)
Do you know that there are FIVE Kingdoms of living things? Moneran Protist Fungus Plant Animal Many- celled Many- celled One-celled with no membrane around the nucleus One-celled Most are many- celled
Life Science Animals can be sorted into groups (vertebrate and invertebrates) Vertebrates can be sorted into groups (fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal)
Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates
Mammals Vertebrates • Have body hair or fur • Have mammary glands that produce milk • Warm blooded
Fish Vertebrates • Live in water • Breathe with gills • Streamlined bodies • Have cartilage or bony skeleton • Cold blooded • Mostly lay eggs
Reptiles Vertebrates • Have dry, scaly skins • Egg laying • Breathe with lungs • Cold blooded
Amphibians Vertebrates • Moist skin • Lay their eggs in water • Larvae have gills and live in water • Adults have lungs and live on land • Cold blooded
Birds Vertebrates • Have feathers and wings • Lay eggs with hard shells • Breathe with lungs • Warm blooded
Animals Invertebrates Vertebrates Cnidarians Mammals Flatworms Fish True worms Reptiles Molluscs Amphibians Echinoderms Birds Arthropods
Life Science Plants can be sorted into groups – Vascular (have tubes) and nonvascular (absorb water through cells angiosperms (vascular plant that produces seeds from flowers), gymnosperm (vascular plant that produces weeds, but not flowers or fruit)
Life Science Parts of an animal cell (membrane, cytoplasm – jelly-like substance, nucleus – the brain)
Life Science Parts of a plant cell (membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm – jelly-like substance, nucleus – the brain, chloroplasts – make food and provide green color) Functions of cell parts
Life Science Functions of cell parts