1 / 11

Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer. Introduction. As old as 1600 BC Emerges from inner lining of milk ducts Or the lobules that supply milk Types: DCIS LCIS. Genetic, Behaviour, Infectious?. Non-Functional BRAC1 & BRAC2 Genes

jerry
Download Presentation

Breast Cancer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Breast Cancer

  2. Introduction • As old as 1600 BC • Emerges from inner lining of milk ducts • Or the lobules that supply milk • Types: • DCIS • LCIS

  3. Genetic, Behaviour, Infectious? • Non-Functional BRAC1 & BRAC2 Genes • Age, Menstrual cycle, Drinking alcohol, Late or few Births, Smoking, Hormone replacement therapy & Having dense breast

  4. Pathology • Develops from epithelial cell lining • Invasive, stromal like adenocarcinoma • Mammography for DCIS • Biopsy is used to detect LCIS(non-palpable lesion, multifocal or bilateral) • Paget’s disease(characteristic malignant)

  5. Molecular Basis • BRCA1 and BRCA2 • Additional genes • ATM • P53 • PTEN • CDH1 • Characteristics • Have specific function in body • Their abnormal presence causes certain diseases • Risk of breast cancer is increased

  6. Diagnosis Physical examination: • First step in breast cancer diagnosis • Examination of any lump, change in the size or texture of breast and lymph node in the armpit Diagnostics mammogram: • X-ray of the breast • Screening mammograms in asymptomatic women • Diagnostic mammograms in women having breast cancer MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): • Uses radio waves and strong magnets • The pattern observed is translated to image • More expensive still used more as compared to mammogram • Too much sensitive

  7. Ultrasound (sonography): • Sound waves are used • Echo produced is converted to image Biopsy: • Only way to tell actual presence of breast cancer • Effected tissue is taken and pathologically tested Scintymammography: • New method and still under study • Radioactive tracer attached to breast cells through veins • Detected by special camera Tomosynthesis (3D mammography): • Similar to 2D mammogram • More radiation required and 3D image is formed

  8. Two types of tests: • Oncotype DX: • Helps in depicting the recurrence score • Based on this score further treatment is decided • Helpful in those who are stage 1 or stage 2 estrogen positive receptor 2.Mammaprint: • Helps in determining the recurrence score in specific part of body • Both estrogen positive and negative can be detected

  9. Prevention • Prophylactic Mastectomy or prophylactic oophorectomy • Tamoxifen and Raloxifene • Aromatase Inhibitors

  10. Treatment • Surgical Methods- Mastectomy, sentinel node biopsy • Brachytherapy • Drug Therapy • Chemotherapeutic Drugs- Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, Flourouracil, Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, Docetaxel • Hormonal Therapy- SERMs, Aromatase Inhibitors • Targeted Therapy- Herceptin, Lapatinib

  11. Biotechnology Applications • To understand the molecular basis, development of diagnostics and treatment. • Biomarkers • Defining gene and protein patterns • Human Growth Hormone • Biomolecules- Herceptin and Tamoxifen • Molecular Profiling- Real Time PCR & Microarray

More Related