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Global Photovoltaic Production. Projected global PV system sales. Global electricity production . PV Progress
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1. Sliver solar cells
2. Global Photovoltaic Production
3. Projected global PV system sales
4. Global electricity production
5. PV Progress –18% price reduction per doubling of cumulative sales
6. Photovoltaics = silicon 95% of the world market
The advantages of crystal silicon
Silicon abundance
Silicon non-toxicity
High and stable efficiency
Shared infrastructure with the IC industry
Market dominance
Pure silicon supply problem
15. Sliver Solar Cell Cross-Section
16. Energy payback time
17. Silicon consumption
18. Watts per wafer
19. PV Module cost (US$)
20. Applications of Sliver technology
21. The importance of high efficiency Unavoidable area related costs: $200/m2
Module construction: glass, EVA, connectors etc
Module mounting: frames, land, installation etc
For a 10% module: $2 per W
For a 20% module: $1 per W
22. Long term prospects for Slivers In the long term the energy conversion layer is nearly free.
Encapsulation and BOS dominate
Efficiency is the main determinant
CSG, a-Si, DSC, organics: <10% efficient
CdTe, CIGS: scarce or toxic materials
Sliver at 20% has a decisive long term advantage
Concentrators: a competitor in some markets
23. Sliver energy cost
24. Summary No further breakthroughs required
Breakthroughs might or might not happen to budget or timeline
But good silicon engineering needed
Slivers match “zero-emission” coal, wind
Implications for climate change policy