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Muscle as an organ

Muscle as an organ. One of the 4 primary tissue types How many subtypes?. Made up of 4 tissue types. > 700 skeletal muscles Word roots: sarco mys. Muscle tissue vs. Muscle as an organ. Overview of Muscle Tissue. Functions of muscle tissue Movement

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Muscle as an organ

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  1. Muscle as an organ

  2. One of the 4 primary tissue types How many subtypes? Made up of 4 tissue types. > 700 skeletal muscles Word roots: sarco mys Muscle tissue vs. Muscle as an organ

  3. Overview of Muscle Tissue • Functions of muscle tissue • Movement • Maintenance of posture – enables the body to remain sitting or standing • Joint stabilization • Heat generation – muscle contractions produce heat • Helps maintain normal body temperature

  4. Types of Muscle Tissue • Three types • Skeletal muscle tissue – packaged into skeletal muscles, Cells are striated, voluntary • Makes up 40% of body weight • Cardiac muscle tissue – occurs only in the walls of the heart, striated, involuntary • Smooth muscle tissue – occupies the walls of hollow organs. Visceral, no striations, involuntary

  5. Similarities of Muscle Tissue • Cells of skeletal and smooth muscles are known as fibers • Muscle contraction depends on two types of myofilaments • One type contains actin • Another type contains myosin • These two proteins generate contractile force • Plasma membrane is called a sarcolemma • Cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm

  6. Basic Features of a Skeletal Muscle • Connective tissue sheaths bind a skeletal muscle and its fibers together • Epimysium –(overcoat) dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle • Perimysium – surrounds each fascicle (group of muscle fibers) • Endomysium – a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell • Connective tissue sheaths are continuous with tendons

  7. Gross Anatomy Each skeletal muscle is wrapped by 3 concentric layers of connective tissue.

  8. myofilaments

  9. Epi-, Peri-, and Endomysium Are interwoven - Go over into tendon Distinguish between: Tendon Aponeurosis Ligament

  10. Basic Features of a Skeletal Muscle • Muscle attachments • Most skeletal muscles run from one bone to another • One bone will move – other bone remains fixed • Origin – immovable or less movable bone that muscle moves toward when a muscle contracts • Insertion – Movable bone when a muscle contracts, moves towards origin

  11. Muscle Terminology Origin stationary Insertion moves Possible: multiple origins

  12. Basic Features of a Skeletal Muscle • Muscle attachments • Muscles attach to origins and insertions by connective tissue • Direct (fleshy) attachments – connective tissue fibers are short, epimysium of muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone of perichondrium of a cartilage • Indirect attachments – connective tissue forms a tendon or aponeurosis • Bone markings present where tendons meet bones • Tubercles, trochanters, and crests

  13. Arrangement of Fascicles • Parallel/Fusiform-long axis of fascicles run parallel to long axis of the muscle • Pennate – fascicles short and attach obliquely • Convergent – has broad origin and fascicles converge toward a single tendon • Circular-fascicles arranged in concentric rings

  14. Parallel Muscles Majority Spindle shaped with cord-like tendons

  15. Convergent muscles Broad origin, pointed insertion

  16. Pennate Muscles: Unipennate One or more tendons run though muscle body Fascicles in oblique angle to tendon Can generate more tension

  17. Pennate Muscles: Bipennate & Multipennate Examples

  18. Circular Muscles = Sphincters Concentric fibers adjust opening Examples: orbicularis occuli and oris

  19. Types of Actions • flexion, extension • adduction, abduction • elevation, depression • rotation • pronation, supination

  20. Grouping of Muscles according to Primary Action Agonist = Prime Mover Antagonist (action opposes agonist) Synergists = Assistants of prime mover

  21. Naming the Skeletal Muscles • Location –most often with regard to bone • Shape– the deltoid is triangular • Relative size - Maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long), and brevis (short), indicate size • Direction of fascicles and muscle fibers -Name tells direction in which fibers run • Example – rectus (straight) abdominis and transversus or oblique abdominis • Location of attachments – name reveals point of origin and insertion. Origin always named first! Example – brachioradialis,

  22. Naming the Skeletal Muscles • Number of origins – two, three, or four origins • Indicated by the words biceps, triceps, and quadriceps • Action – the action is part of the muscle’s name • Flexor, extensor, adductor, or abductor

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