The lung as an organ of exchange

1. The lung as an organ of exchange

2. Learning intentions • Describe the features of an efficient exchange surface with reference to diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across an alveolus. • Describe the features of the mammalian lung that adapt it to efficient gas exchange. • Outline the mechanism of breathing.

3. The Lungs The Lungs

4. How lungs are adapted for exchange

5. Breathing Breathing

6. Breathing Breathing

7. Questions • State three ways in which the structure of the lungs allows efficient gas exchange • Explain why the barrier to diffusion must be as thin as possible • Describe how a steep diffusion gradient is achieved in the lungs.

8. Lesson 2: Tissues in the lungs

9. Learning Intentions • Describe the distribution of cartilage, ciliated epithelium, goblet cells and smooth muscle and the elastic fibres in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and alveoli • Describe the functions of cartilage, cilia, goblet cells, smooth muscle and elastic fibres in the mammalian gaseous exchange system.

10. Starter • In order for air to enter the lungs through the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, what features do you think they must have? • Students will be able to look at various slides of these structures

11. Tissues in the lungs

12. Goblet cells

13. CILIATED EPITHELIUM Ciliated epithelium Ciliated epithelium

14. Role of each tissue

15. Questions • Explain the importance of the cartilage found in the trachea and bronchi. • Describe the action of the cilia and mucus in helping to reduce the risk of infection • The action of smooth muscle and elastic fibres in the bronchioles can be described as antagonistic. Explain the meaning of this term using this example to illustrate your answer.