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Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing. A brief summary. Introduction. What is Cloud Computing? How does it relate to Grid Computing? What do some of the commercial offerings look like? Who I am Mark Parsons, Commercial Director of EPCC Very involved in Grid Computing for the past decade

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Cloud Computing

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  1. Cloud Computing A brief summary

  2. Introduction • What is Cloud Computing? • How does it relate to Grid Computing? • What do some of the commercial offerings look like? • Who I am • Mark Parsons, Commercial Director of EPCC • Very involved in Grid Computing for the past decade • Leader of many UK and EU funded distributed computing projects • Member of UK’s Future Internet Steering Group • Many thanks are due to Charaka Palansuriya from EPCC for letting me use a number of his slides Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  3. What is Cloud Computing • “A style of computing where massively scalable, IT-enabled capabilities are provided 'as a service' to external customers using Internet technologies”, Gartner, Inc. • “Computing as a utility”, A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing • Vagueness has caused strong views • Larry Ellison (Oracle supremo): • “The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we've redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do… We'll make cloud computing announcements. I'm not going to fight this thing. But I don't understand what we would do differently in the light of cloud.” • More important is what Cloud Computing platforms can do for you • Easier to identify common characteristics Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  4. Some Common Characteristics • On-demand and rapid access to seemingly infinite resources • Scale according to the demand • Accommodate peak or unexpected demands • Access using internet technologies • E.g., access via a web browser from any where • No up front commitments by users • Pay-as-you-use on short term basis • Attractive SLAs (e.g., 99.95% availability) • Smaller environmental foot print (greener) • Mega data centres with nearby hydro-electric power • Techniques to stop idle servers Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  5. Grid, Cloud, Clustering etc • Plus ça change • In early 2000s Cluster Computing was re-badged as Grid Computing • In late 2000s Cluster Computing has been re-badged as Cloud Computing • This causes lots of confusion and is all just marketing spin • People refer to “my cloud” or “our cloud” – they really just mean their cluster • Eg. Platform Computing Inc • “the leader in cluster, grid and cloud management software” • It’s all the same thing with slightly different emphasis • In Platform’s world – Clusters are the workhorse, Grid extends this to include service orientation and Cloud brings virtualisation • But Grid was always much more than this ... Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  6. NextGRID service integration Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  7. Grid versus Cloud • Grid was always much more than the narrow commercial vendor view • It was distributed computing writ large – with a strong focus on Service Orientation • Grid middleware was designed to enable the management of “complex webs of trust” • There are therefore two fundamental differences between Grid and Cloud • In Cloud computing the trust is highly opaque • Grid had very little emphasis on virtualisation technologies which it predated Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  8. Cloud Infrastructure Models • Software as a Service (SaaS) • Provides an application as a service over the internet • Can be access from any where • E.g., Salesforce.com, Google docs • Platform as a Service (PaaS) • Provides a complete infrastructure for development, deployment and operation of an application in a cloud • Cloud provider takes care of operational requirements • E.g., availability, disaster recovery, scaling to large number of users • E.g., Google App Engine • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • Provides access to hardware and software infrastructures based on virtualization • Users request virtualized instances on-demand • E.g., Amazon Cloud Computing infrastructure (a.k.a., AWS) Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  9. Major commercial cloud providers • Amazon • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) • Many other components including Amazon Virtual Private Cloud • Google • Google App Engine • Microsoft • Windows Azure • SQL Azure • .NET Services Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  10. Google Cloud Computing • App Engine is at the heart of Google Cloud Computing • Made available in 2008 • Allows web applications to run on Google infrastructure • An example of PaaS • Applications can be developed using • Python • Java (finally added in 2009) • Releases the developers from having to concern about non-creative tasks such as • What version of DBMS and other software we use? • Should we replicate data for performance? • What’s our disaster recovery plan? • Will the application be scalable for millions of users? • Etc. Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  11. Google App Engine • Components • Python and Java runtime environments • SDK • Scalable Infrastructure • Web based admin console • SDK is free to download and use • Develop your applications and run them locally • Manage versions • Deploy your applications • Includes necessary APIs • e.g., to access DataStore, Email, Users, URL Fetch, etc. Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  12. Google App Engine: Continued • Scalable Infrastructure • Includes Datastore, Linux, Hardware, etc. • Same infrastructure that Google applications use • E.g., Search engine and email • Web Based Admin Console • Can upload multiple versions of your application • Test them • Set which version is live • Monitor traffic • Applications run on secure containers • i.e., sandboxed with limited access to OS via APIs Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  13. Google App Engine: Quotas and Billing • Free to get started, once signed up • Free account allows • 500MB of storage • up to 5 million page views a month • Each application gets quotas for resources • Free account allows a daily limit of: • Outgoing bandwidth: 1 GB with 56 MB/minute max • Incoming bandwidth: 1GB with 56 MB/minute max • Store data: 500mb • 6.5 CPU hours with 15 CPU minutes/minute max • Billable Quota and Unit Cost (once billing is enabled) • Outgoing bandwidth: $0.12/Gigabyte • Incoming bandwidth: $0.10/Gigabyte • Stored data: $0.15/Gigabyte/month • CPU time: $0.10/CPU hour • Can set maximum daily budget Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  14. Benefits of Cloud Computing • Cost savings • No need for upfront investments in infrastructure • Turns capital expenses to operational expenses • Pay as you use • Little or nothing to pay when not used • Cloud providers manage the infrastructure • Money saved can be used in the core business • Ease of access from any where in the world • SLAs from Cloud Providers • Amazon: 99.95% availability • Energy Savings • Highly suitable for startups for their infrastructure requirements ... not so sure about University research Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  15. Barriers to uptake of Cloud Computing • Vendor lock in • Applications and data can not be moved from one Cloud provider to another • E.g., between Azure and Google App • Few standards • A standard for interoperability of applications in various clouds as well as outside would be useful • i.e., something similar to WS-I Basic Profile • Policies • Contracts may demand that data must not be stored in a 3rd party infrastructure • Licenses • Licenses based on number of servers are restrictive • Requires pay-as-you-use license model • Open source/free to use license are ideal Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

  16. Summary • Cloud computing is yet another step along the road towards ubiquitous distributed computing • There’s a huge amount of hype associated with it • The various commercial offerings are interesting but commonality and standardisation between them is weak at present • Very little detailed work has been done on using external Cloud resources for scientific and research work Cloud Computing - Mark Parsons

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