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Topic 3.2: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

Topic 3.2: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins. Assessment Statements. 3.2.1: Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds 3.2.2: Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their structure

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Topic 3.2: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

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  1. Topic 3.2: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

  2. Assessment Statements • 3.2.1: Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds • 3.2.2: Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their structure • 3.2.3: List three examples each monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides • 3.2.4: State one function of glucose, lactose, and glycogen in animals, and of fructose, sucrose, and cellulose in plants • 3.2.5: Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides; between fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides; and between amino acids and polypeptides • 3.2.6: State three functions of lipids • 3.2.7: Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage

  3. Introduction to carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

  4. Common biochemical's and their structure • Molecules can be classified as being either inorganic or organic • All organic molecules contain the element carbon, although not all carbon-containing molecules are organic • CO2

  5. Common biochemical's and their structure

  6. Functions of carbohydrates in animals and plants • Carbohydrates exist in different sizes • Monosaccharides • Dissaccharides • Polysacchrides

  7. Functions of carbohydrates in animals and plants • All of these carbohydrates serve many functions in living organisms • Animals:

  8. Functions of carbohydrates in animals and plants • Plants

  9. Role of Lipids • Lipids are biochemically important molecules that serve many functions. • Triglyceride lipids • Solid form as fats • Liquid form as oils • If you eat more food than you burn, your body will store much of the excess as fat in adipose cells • Adipose cells get smaller or larger depending on how much lipids is being stored

  10. Role of Lipids • Lipids are very efficient molecules for storing energy • Glycogen is a carbohydrate used by animals to store energy • Starch is a carbohydrates used by plants to store energy • Equal mass of carbohydrates and lipids, the lipid stores approximately twice as much chemical energy as the carbohydrates

  11. Role of Lipids • Lipids are also important for thermal insulation • Blubber!!!

  12. Condensation and hydrolysis reactions • A condensation reaction is responsible for building large molecules.  An enzyme catalyzes the reaction between alcohol groups on adjacent monomer units (eg. glucose).  This results in the production of a polymer and a molecule of water. • A-H + B-OH -->A-B   +  H2O

  13. Condensation and hydrolysis reactions • A hydrolysis reaction is responsible for breaking down large molecules (eg. digestion).  An enzyme weakens the bond between two parts of a polymer, allowing for the insertion of a water molecule into the bond.  This results in the production of monomers. • A-B   +  H2O-->A-H + B-OH

  14. Condensation and hydrolysis reactions • Digesting Food • Food are chemically digested in your alimentary canal • Digestive enzymes that accomplish this are hydrolysing enzymes • Each reaction requires a molecule of water as a reactant

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