Vanessa Cattermole Tim Horberry Robin Burgess-Limerick Guy Wallis Steve Cloete

1. Using the Critical Decision Method and Decision Ladders to Analyse Traffic Incident Management System Issues Vanessa Cattermole Tim Horberry Robin Burgess-Limerick Guy Wallis Steve Cloete

2. The Research Program

3. Traffic Incident Management The coordinated response from emergency services, traffic agencies and local government agencies to remove incidents and restore traffic capacity safely and efficiently. (Charles, 2007). Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

4. The TIM System Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

5. 2nd Study: CDM for Traffic Incident Management The research employed a ‘classic’ CDM method (e.g. Crandall, Klein and Hoffman, 2006), adapted to traffic incident management. A four stage process with structured probes: • Incident Identification, Selection and Elicitation. • Timeline Verification and Decision Point Identification. • Deep Probes • Hypotheticals - “What if” Questions. Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

6. Value Judgement Critical Factors to Consider Key = State of Knowledge = Set of Cognitive Actions State Evaluate Performance Process Potential States & Options Chosen Option Predict Consequences Awareness of Current State Target System State Diagnose current system state Determine actions to achieve target state Planning and Action Situation Awareness Noticed Information Set of Actions Observe info and data, scan for cues Plan how actions are to be executed Alert Procedure Activation Execute Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

7. Decision ladder 1 Critical Factors to Consider Key = State of Knowledge = Set of Cognitive Actions The critical factors are patient status, time of day/congestion State Evaluate Performance 6,15. Evaluation involves assessing options against the goal Process 7. Chosen option is to drive down the Busway 16. Chosen option is to continue driving to incident quickly Potential States & Options 5. Formulate potential options to reach incident - Busway, highway, back roads 14. Formulate potential options – keep driving quickly, slow to match ambulance arrival Chosen Option Predict Consequences Awareness of Current State Target System State Diagnose current system state Determine actions to achieve target state 4. Noticed information is that need to get to incident quickly 13. Noticed information is the casualty needs medical attention Noticed Information Set of Actions 8. Planning involves consulting with BMTMC 3,12. Observation involves mentally assessing information Observe info and data, scan for cues Plan how actions are to be executed 9, 17. Procedure is knowing rules for driving through Busway 2. Alert is knowing there’s an incident and need to act Alert Procedure 10. Execute drive down Busway to incident 18. Execute drive at speed to destination Activation 11. As driving down Busway see ambulance stuck in highway traffic on Logan Rd 1. Activation is call from BMTMC – incident at Eight Mile Plains Execute Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

8. Decision ladder 2 Critical Factors to Consider Key = State of Knowledge = Set of Cognitive Actions The critical factors are 80km speed limit, petrol station with merging traffic other side of hill, incident three quarters of the way down the hill, casualty on road State Evaluate Performance 5. Evaluation involves assessing options against the goal Process 6. Chosen option is to park at the top of the hill Potential States & Options 4. Formulate potential options for traffic management – park at top of hill, park after crest, park close to incident, park on grass/footpath Chosen Option Predict Consequences Awareness of Current State Target System State Diagnose current system state Determine actions to achieve target state 3. Noticed information is need to get motorists to slow and change lanes Noticed Information Set of Actions 7. Planning involves communicating with BMTMC re plan 2. Observation involves visually assessing the scene Observe info and data, scan for cues Plan how actions are to be executed 8. Procedure is knowing steps to set up traffic warnings at scene Alert 1. Alert is knowing at scene and need to act Procedure 9. Execute parking and temporary scene set up Activation Execute Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

9. Decision ladder 3 Critical Factors to Consider Key = State of Knowledge = Set of Cognitive Actions The critical factors are the relative stable health of the driver, the 200m distance back to vehicle for first aid kit, the critical condition of pedestrian (unresponsive) State Evaluate Performance 5. Evaluation involves assessing options against the goal Process Potential States & Options 4. Formulate potential scene options for care of casualties – attend pedestrian first, attend to driver first, go back for first aid kit Chosen Option 6. Chosen option is attend to pedestrian Predict Consequences Awareness of Current State Target System State 3. Noticed information is that pedestrian is in critical condition/driver in shock – both need attention 12. Noticed information is that QFES can assist with incident management Diagnose current system state Determine actions to achieve target state 7. Planning involves communicating with BMTMC and witnesses 13. Planning is consulting with QFES Noticed Information Set of Actions 8. Procedure is knowing steps for CPR 14. Procedure is knowing modified steps for CPR 2, 11. Observation is visually assessing the scene Plan how actions are to be executed Observe info and data, scan for cues Procedure 1. Alert is knowing at scene and need to act Alert 9. Execute CPR with no protective gear 15. Execute compressions while QFES use oxygen tank and mask 10. QFES arrive, block street and bring resources Activation Execute Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

10. Decision ladder 4 Critical Factors to Consider Key = State of Knowledge = Set of Cognitive Actions The critical factors are the patient status, traffic congestion, TRU roles and responsibilities State Evaluate Performance 5. Evaluation involves assessing options against the goal Process 6. Chosen option is to take over traffic management role Potential States & Options 4. Formulate potential options – remain with patient & QAS, move to QFES road block and take over traffic management Chosen Option Predict Consequences 13. Predict QFES plan to hose scene will upset investigation requirements FCU Awareness of Current State Target System State Determine actions to achieve target state Diagnose current system state 3. Noticed information is that need to manage traffic 12. Noticed information is that FCU will need to do investigation Set of Actions Noticed Information 7. Planning involves consulting with QFES and QAS Plan how actions are to be executed 2, 11. Observation is visually and mentally assessing the scene 8. Procedure is knowing steps for traffic diversion 14. Procedure is knowing incident scene investigation requirements Observe info and data, scan for cues Procedure 1. Alert is knowing QAS at scene and need to modify actions 10. QFES bring out hoses to hose down scene once casualty is in ambulance Alert 9. Execute traffic diversion – funnel traffic opposite way up road 15. Execute request to maintain incident integrity Execute Activation Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

11. Summary Table of Results Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

12. Where to from here??? Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au

13. Thank you STOP Questions? Email: v.cattermole@uq.edu.au