Addiction: When a person gets used to the effects of a drug and does not feel good without it.

1. Addiction and Withdrawal • Addiction: When a person gets used to the effects of a drug and does not feel good without it. • Withdrawal: A temporary illness that results from not using a drug. Examples of Withdrawal: Uncontrollable shakes, night sweats, vomiting, upset stomach, mood swings, headaches, trouble concentrating, sleeplessness, depression, suicide.

2. Tobacco and Addiction on The Brain

3. What is TOBACCO? • Tobacco is made from the tobacco plant. It is best grown in a warm climate. This rich soil is found in most southern states. • Each day in the United States, approximately 4,400 youths aged 12--17 years try their first cigarette. • An estimated one third of these young smokers are expected to die from a smoking-related disease • 13.3% of middle school students reported current use of any tobacco product • Average age someone tries a cigarette? 14.5. • Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product. • Death from tobacco diseases is the #1 most preventable type of death.

4. CANCER Emphysema

5. Health and Safety Problems • Heart Disease • Cancer (all kinds) • Emphysema • Chronic bronchitis • Fire Hazards • Allergies to smoke • Problems for newborn and unborn babies

6. Nicotine:The addictive stimulant in tobacco products. • Tar: Dark, sticky substance found in tobacco smoke. • Carbon Monoxide: Poisonous gas found in tobacco smoke; replaces oxygen in blood. • Emphysema:Air sacs lose elasticity from tar; permanent, no cure. • Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth, common in smokers; 9 out of 10 lung cancer patients die. • Leukoplakia: White soars/patches inside of gums and lips. Pre-cancerous, common with smokeless tobacco.

7. Long Term and Short Term Effects Short Term • Bad breath • Stained teeth • Coughing • Shortness of breath • Addiction Long Term • Cancer • Emphysema • Heart Disease • Stroke • Bronchitis

8. Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke • Roughly, 5,000 chemicals are found in tobacco smoke. • Approximately 45 of those chemicals are known to cause cancer. CHEMICALS • Carbon Monoxide • Formaldehyde • Ammonia • Arsenic

9. Oral Cancer Throat Cancer

10. Smokeless Tobacco • Chew Tobacco • Dry Snuff • Moist Snuff/Dip Dangers of Use • High blood pressure • Tooth loss/tooth decay • Gum disease • Oral Cancers

11. More Truths Costs Lots of $$$$$$$$$$! Smoking Smells! Yellow Teeth! Yellow fingernails! Wrinkles! House Fires!

12. Tobacco and Peer Pressure • Simply say: “No Thanks, I don’t smoke.” • Make an excuse: “I’m on the lacrosse team.” • Make it personal: “My grandmother is really sick from smoking, I’m kind of traumatized.” • Turn it around: “Dude, you do that? That stuff will kill you!” • Make fun: “If I smoke, I’ll smell like you!”

13. Alcohol, Ads, and Kids? • Teenagers down some 10% of all the "alcopops" sold, if not more • National study published in January 2006 concluded that greater exposure to alcohol advertising contributes to an increase in drinking among underage youth. • Between 2001 and 2005, youth exposure to alcohol advertising on television in the U.S. increased by 41%. • Alcohol advertisers spent $2 billion on alcohol advertising in measured media (television, radio, print, outdoor, major newspapers and Sunday supplements) in 2005. • For every 1 million underage readers ages 12-19 in a magazine, researchers found 1.6 times more beer advertisements and 1.3 times more distilled spirits advertisements. • If young people like alcohol ads, they are more likely to have positive expectancies about alcohol use and to intend to drink or to drink.

14. What is an Alcopop?

15. Alcohol Info. • Alcohol can be found in numerous places including ball parks, bars, restaurants, parties, advertisements, holidays, etc. • Alcohol is a depressant drug that slows down the Central Nervous System. • ALL drinks ARE created equal! 3 Main Forms 12 oz.Beer: 10 proof ALL contain 5 oz. Wine:30-50 proof ½ oz. Of 1.5 oz.Liquor:80-100 proof Alcohol • Proof: Measures the Strength of Alcohol Double the % of Alcohol Or cut the number in half to get the %

16. Alcohol Problems Alcoholism: A disease characterized by an addiction of drinking alcohol in excessive amounts. Binge Drinking: Drinking 4-5 drinks in a row or more within a short span of time. Drinking excessively has been linked to: • Sickness/illness • Violence and vandalism • Ruined Relationships • Rapes/sexual assaults • Loss of job and money • Depression • Suicide • Death due alcohol poisoning, liver diseases (cirrhosis/cancer) • Drunk driving accidents/deaths

17. Alcohol Solutions • Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.): A 12 step help group used to help the alcoholic get their life back and off of alcohol. • Al-Anon: A support group for friends and family members of alcoholics. • Alateen: A support group for teens who have friends and family who are alcoholics. • Other supportive services: Guidance counselors, social workers, psychologists. Hotline phone #’s (800) 784-6776 (National Alcohol/Drug abuse hotline.)

18. Alcohol and the BODY • Alcohol will affect ALL Major organs in the body. Mouth: Increases chance of oral cancers. Stomach: irritates lining, ulcers. Small intestine: most alcohol is absorbed here Bloodstream: Carries alcohol throughout body. Liver: Toxic to liver, oxidation takes place; May lead to cirrhosis, hepatitis, and cancer. Brain & Heart: Decreases functions; leads to death. Rate of Oxidation: ½ oz. Per hour or 1 Drink per hour.

19. What is CIRRHOSIS? • Over time, excessive alcohol use/abuse can lead to a condition called CIRRHOSIS. • CIRRHOSIS of the liver leaves fatty deposits and scarring causing the liver to not function as well. May lead to death. • There is no cure and the effects are irreversible.

20. Backyard Family BBQ UNCLE LOUIE • Large Male • Age: Late 50’s • Eats a lot of food • Drinking History: Since he was 15 • Knows what to expect from alcohol. • Consumes large amounts of beer over a long period of time. • Result? Gets louder, “tipsy” obnoxious; falls asleep in chair. AUNT SUZY • Petite Female • Age: Mid-late 20’s • Not a big appetite • Drinking History: 5 years • Not much experience with alcohol • Has 3 glasses of wine in 1 hour. • Result?Inappropriate behaviors: stumbling, slurring words, vomiting for next couple of hours.

21. Factors that determine how quickly Alcohol Enters Bloodstream • Body Weight • Food in the stomach • How much you drink • How fast you drink • Body Chemistry • Age • Tolerance/experience • Expectations • Any other drugs they have taken

22. This shows a 20-year old female nondrinkers response to the spatial working memory task. Brain activity is shown in bright colors. This shows an alcohol-dependent 20-year old female's response to the spatial working memory task.  Brain activity is shown in bright colors

23. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

24. Alcohol and The BRAIN • Relaxed feelings (Thinking and Behavior become impaired) • Impaired judgment and decisions • Coordination and Balance • Slowed Reaction Time • Blurred Vision and Slurred Speech • Impairs memory/Blackouts • Vital Life Center/Controls Breathing & Heartrate • DEATH Number of alcohol-induced deaths, excluding accidents and homicides: 20,687 Number of alcoholic liver disease deaths: 12,360

25. DRUNK DRIVING Stats • In 2006, an estimated 17,602 people died in alcohol-related traffic crashes— • An average of one every 30 minutes. These deaths constitute 41 percent of the 42,642 total traffic fatalities. Of these, an estimated 13,470 involved a driver with an illegal BAC (.08 or greater) • About three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in their lives • In 2006, 92.5 percent of twelfth graders reported that alcohol is “very easy” or “fairly easy” to get. • If you are out on a Friday or Saturday night, approximately ONE out of TEN drivers around you is intoxicated. • #1 Holiday for drunk driving? Independence Day (4th of July) • #1 killer of Teens today: Drunk Driving!

26. What does it mean to “DRIVE DRUNK”? • BAC:Blood Alcohol Content; the amount of alcohol in your blood at any given time. • DWI: Driving While Intoxicated NYS Law: Anyone with a BAC of .08 or higher. DUI: Driving Under the Influence or DWAI: Driving while Ability impaired BAC of .05-.07 (Lesser charge) Zero Tolerance Law: Anyone under the age of 21 with a BAC of higher than .01 *Pay fine, possible jail time, lose license until 21.

28. The car in which Jacqueline traveled. She was hit by another car that was driven by a 17-year old male student on his way home after a couple of hard packs of beer with his friends. This was in December 1999.

29. After the accident Jacqueline has needed over 40 operations Her body was covered with 60% severe burnings

31. Saying “NO”to Alcohol & Drugs • Avoid the situation! (You know where alcohol and drugs are found!) • Just say, “No, thanks” • Think! Be aware of your actions: WWMT? WWDT? Think of your family. • Be the Sheep Herder; Not a sheep. *Never lose control!* • Have a YOO-HOO party! • If you must, make an excuse.