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Systems

Systems. System Components. System Components. Physical and social system can vary in size and complexity Small and simple – can opener, school club Large and complex – space shuttle, government Systems usually have smaller systems within them

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Systems

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  1. Systems System Components

  2. System Components • Physical and social system can vary in size and complexity • Small and simple – can opener, school club • Large and complex – space shuttle, government • Systems usually have smaller systems within them • Subsystems – help the system perform the task for which it was designed

  3. Subsystem • A can opener has two subsystems • Holding and cutting subsystem, turning subsystem

  4. Subsystem • Compare the can opener to a global positioning system (GPS) • 3 major subsystems – space subsystem, control subsystem, user subsystem

  5. Mechanisms • Subsystem contain mechanisms • Mechanisms change one type of force into another or one type of action into another • In physical systems, forces make things move • Force – a push or pull on an object that may result in a change in the object’s motion or shape

  6. Mechanisms • Mechanical system – can opener – the handles and cutting wheel are mechanisms that make up the holding and cutting subsystems • Applying both a push and pull force on the handles causes the holding mechanism to grip and push the cutting wheel into the can • Crank and turning wheel make up the turning subsystem

  7. Mechanisms • Torque (rotational force) is applied to the crank, transferred to the toothed wheels, then to the can and it in turn rotates • Natural physical systems have subsystems and mechanisms as well • Digestive system – organs make up the subsystems (mouth, stomach, intestines) • In the mouth, teeth are the mechanism for cutting and grinding food

  8. Inputs and Outputs • All systems (and subsystems) have inputs and outputs • Inputs – all the things that go into a system to make it work • May include – forces, energy, raw materials • Outputs – all of the tasks or services that the system performs

  9. Inputs and Outputs • Think of a bike • What type of system is it? • What is it’s purpose? • What is the main input? • What is the output?

  10. Inputs and Outputs • What about a garden?

  11. Side Effects • All systems have desired outputs, they often have undesired ones as well • The unintended, or undesired outputs are referred to as side effects • Desired output of a car is motion, what are the side effects? • Allergy medicine • Pg 16 – 1 - 3

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