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CCE1030 Computer Networking

Learn the characteristics, operation, and troubleshooting aspects of RIPv1 protocol. Explore device configuration and automatic summarization in a network leveraging RIPv1.

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CCE1030 Computer Networking

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  1. CCE1030 Computer Networking Lecture 19 Routing Information Protocol RIPv1 UsamaArusi CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  2. Outcomes • Describe the characteristics, and operation of the RIPv1 protocol • Demonstrate device configuration using RIPv1 • Verify proper RIPv1 operation • Describe how RIPv1 performs automatic summarization • Illustrate how to troubleshoot default routes propagated in a routed network implementing RIPv1 CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  3. Recap: Routing Protocols • Routers are the main devices used to connect networks. • They forward packets in a network from source to destination. • Use forwarding tables. • Entries in forwarding tables can be set manually or automatically. • Routing protocols are used to automatically set forwarding tables. CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  4. Recap: Routing Protocols • Routing protocols use a hierarchical structure • Static – manually configured • Dynamic – routing protocols • Dynamic routing consists of routing tables that are built and maintained automatically through an on going communication between routers • Routing protocols grouped according to characteristics CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  5. Recap: Routing Protocols • Types of routing protocols: • Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) • Used for routing inside an autonomous system & used to route within the individual networks themselves • Examples: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF • Exterior Routing Protocols (EGP) • Used for routing between autonomous systems • Example: BGPv4 CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  6. Recap: Distance Vector routing • One of the two major classes of intra domain routing protocols • Routes are advertised as vectors of (distance, direction), where distance is defined in terms of a metric and direction is defined in terms of the next-hop router • For example: • Destination A is a distance of 5 hops away, in the direction of next-hop router X CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  7. Content • Characteristics, and operation of the RIPv1 protocol. • Configure a device for using RIPv1. • Verify proper RIPv1 operation. • Automatic summarization. • Configure, verify, and troubleshoot default routes. CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  8. RIP Characteristics • A classful, Distance Vector (DV) routing protocol • Cost metric = hop count • Each link has a cost of 1 • Routes with a hop count > 15 are unreachable • Limiting network size • Updates are broadcast every 30 seconds • Using a RIP response message– containing a list of up to 25 destinations CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  9. RIP Operation • RIP uses 2 message types: • Request message • This is sent out on startup by each RIP enabled interface • Requests all RIP enabled neighbours to send routing table • Response message • Message sent to neighbouring router containing routing table • This message might be a response to a request, or it might be an update message generated by the sender CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  10. Forwarding Information Base RIPv1 protocol keeps the following information about each destination: • IP address—IP address of the destination host or network • Gateway—The first gateway along the path to the destination • Interface—The physical network that must be used to reach the destination • Metric—A number indicating the number of hops to the destination • Timer—The amount of time since the entry was last updated CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  11. Subnet Masks in Routing Updates • IP addresses initially divided into classes • Class A • Class B • Class C • RIP is a classful routing protocol • Does not send subnet masks in routing updates CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  12. Administrative Distance • Multiple routing protocols may exist on any one given network • Most routing protocols have metric structures and algorithms that are not compatible with other protocols • The exchange of route information and the selection of the best path across the multiple protocols are critical Administrative distance is the feature that routers use in order to select the best path when there are two or more different routes to the same destination from two different routing protocols CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  13. Administrative Distance • Administrative distance defines the reliability of a routing protocol • It is the first criterion that a router uses to determine which routing protocol to use if two protocols provide route information for the same destination • It has only local significance • It is not advertised in routing updates CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  14. Administrative Distance • RIP’s default administrative distance is 120 CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  15. Basic RIPv1 Configuration • A typical topology suitable for use by RIPv1 includes: • Three router set up • No PCs attached to LANs • Use of 5 different IP subnets CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  16. Basic RIPv1 Configuration To activate RIP on the router the protocol stack has to be turned on • To enable RIP enter: • Router rip at the global configuration prompt • Prompt will look like R1(config-router)# CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  17. Basic RIPv1 Configuration • Specifying Networks • R1 has 2 directly connected networks • Enable RIP on all interfaces that belong to this network • Advertise this network in RIP updates sent to other routers every 30 seconds • Repeat process for R2 and R3 CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  18. Verification and Troubleshooting • To verify and troubleshoot routing use the following commands: • show iproute • show ipprotocols • debug ip rip CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  19. Verification and Troubleshooting • Verify and troubleshoot commands: • show ip route • show ipprotocols • Displays routing protocol configured on router • debug iprip CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  20. Verification and Troubleshooting • Verify and troubleshoot commands: • show ip route • show ip protocols • debug iprip • Used to display RIP routing updates as they are happening CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  21. Verification and Troubleshooting • Passive interfacecommand • Used to prevent a router from sending updates through an interface CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  22. Automatic Summarization • RIP uses automatic summarization to reduce the size of a routing table • Example: • Three classful networks are used: • 172.30.0.0/16 • 192.168.4.0/24 • 192.168.5.0/24 • The 172.30.0.0/16 network is subnettedinto three subnets: • 172.30.1.0/24 • 172.30.2.0/24 • 172.30.3.0/24 CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  23. Automatic Summarization • Boundary Router • Is a router that has interfaces in more than one major classfulnetwork • Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one major network to another CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  24. Automatic Summarization • Processing RIP Updates CCE1030 Usama Arusi

  25. Automatic Summarization • Advantages of automatic summarization: • The size of routing updates is reduced • Single routes are used to represent multiple routes which results in faster lookup in the routing table • Disadvantage of Automatic Summarization: • Does not support discontiguous networks CCE1030 Usama Arusi

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