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Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs

Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs. Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines Pgs 586-591. Classification of Medicines.

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Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs

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  1. Chapter 23Medicines and Drugs Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines Pgs 586-591

  2. Classification of Medicines • Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease or other conditions. They can be sorted into four categories: 1. help prevent disease; 2. fight pathogens or infections; 3. relieve pain; 4. maintain or restore health

  3. Drugs • Drugs are substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind. All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines.

  4. Medicines that Prevent Disease • A vaccine is a preparation introduced into the body to simulate an immune response so your body will produce antibodies against those pathogens. • Antitoxins are extracts of blood fluids containing antibodies that act quicker than vaccines. They are produced by inoculating animals.

  5. Medicines that Fight Pathogens • Antibiotics are a class of chemical agents that destroy disease-causing microorganisms • Antivirals suppress illnesses brought on by a viruses. Antifungals cure or suppress infections such as athlete’s foot or ringworm.

  6. Medicines that Relieve Pain • Pain relievers are also called analgesics (e.g. aspirin, morphine, and codeine) • Used to relieve pain, reduce fever, etc.

  7. Medicines that Promote Health • Medicines that maintain or restore health enable many people with chronic disease to function at an increased level of wellness: • 1. Allergy medicines • 2. Body-regulating medicines (insulin for diabetes or inhalers for asthma) • 3. Antidepressants and antipsychotic medicines help normalize brain chemistry • 4. Cancer treatments reduce the spread of cancer cells

  8. Medicines and the Body • Many medications cause side effects, which are reactions to medicine other than the one intended • Additive interaction occurs when medicines work together in a positive way • Synergistic effects is an interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken alone • Antagonistic interaction occurs when the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine

  9. Other Problems • Tolerance is a condition in which the body becomes used to the effect of a medicine • Withdrawal occurs when a person stops using a medicine on which he/she has a chemical dependence. Symptoms of withdrawal include nervousness, insomnia, severe headaches

  10. Medicine Safety • To minimize the risks, the federal government has established laws for testing and approving new medicines • All medicines must meet the standards of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before approval and sale • The FDA requires manufacturers to supply information regarding a medicine’s use, effects, and possible side effects

  11. Medicine Safety • Prescription medicines require the written approval of a licensed physician • Over the Counter (OTC) medicines can be bought without a prescription

  12. Medicine Misuse • Giving a prescription medicine to another person • Taking to much or too little of a medicine or taking it for a long/short period of time • Discontinuing use of a medicine without informing a health care professional • Mixing medicines

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