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TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY. MACROEVOLUTION THE MAJOR CHANGES IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE THE FOSSIL RECORD CHRONICLES (PROVIDES A TIMELINE) FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE

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TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

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  1. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

  2. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • MACROEVOLUTION • THE MAJOR CHANGES IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE • THE FOSSIL RECORD CHRONICLES (PROVIDES A TIMELINE) FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE • GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE • PROVIDES A SEQUENCE OF FOSSILS AND AN OVERVIEW OF MACROEVOLUTION OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS

  3. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • THE ACTUAL AGES OF ROCKS AND FOSSILS MARK GEOLOGIC TIME • RADIOMETRIC DATING • BASED ON THE MEASUREMENT OF CERTAIN RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES • EXAMPLE???

  4. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • CONTINENTAL DRIFT HAS PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN MACROEVOLUTION • “PANGEA” UNTIL PRESENT • EXPLAINS THE DISTRIBUTION ACROSS GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS

  5. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • PLATE TECTONICS PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN MACROEVOLUTION • FORCES WITHIN THE EARTH THAT FORCE THE MOVEMENT OF EARTH’S CRUST • CAN RESULT IN VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES, WHICH CAN LEAD TO MASS EXTINCTIONS • MASS EXTINCTIONS ARE ALMOST ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY HUGE DIVERSIFICATION OF LIFE-FORMS • EXAPTATIONS • REFERS TO A STRUCTURE THAT EVOLVED FOR ONE CONTEXT, BUT LATER WAS ADAPTED TO ANOTHER FUNCTION (SUCH ADAPTATIONS ARE KEY FOR DIVERSIFICATION AFTER MASS EXTINCTIONS)

  6. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • PHYLOGENETIC TREES STRIVE TO REPRESENT EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

  7. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • PHYLOGENY  EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A GROUP OF ORGANIMS • PHYLOGENETIC TREES  DIAGRAMS THAT TRACE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AS BEST AS CAN BE DETERMINED • BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES!!

  8. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • CLASSIFICATION, OR TAXONOMY, IS BASED ON PHYLOGENY • BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE IS THE RESULT OF PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES

  9. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • PHYLOGENETIC TREES ARE BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITY • PHENOTYPIC SIMILARITY • HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES VS ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES • CONVERGENT EVOLUTION VS DIVERGENT EVOLUTION

  10. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • PHYLOGENETIC TREES ARE BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITY • GENETIC SIMILARITY IS BASED ON AMINO ACID, DNA, AND RNA SEQUENCES • MORE SIMILAR SEQUENCES SUGGEST MORE COMMON ANCENSTRY

  11. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • PHYLOGENETIC TREES ARE BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITY • ***MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IS USED FOR ORGANISMS BELIEVED TO BE MORE RECENTLY RELATED*** • IN ADDITION, THERE IS BELIEVED TO BE A “MOLECULAR CLOCK” • A RELATIVELY CONSTANT RATE OF GENETIC CHANGE, THAT SUGGESTS A TIMELINE OF EVOLUTION

  12. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • CLADOGRAMS VS PHYLOGENETIC TREES • CLADOGRAM  A PHYLOGENETIC TREE BASED ON CLADISTICS • CLADES  EVOLUTIONARY BRANCES THAT CONSIST OF AN ANCESTRAL SPECIES AND ALL OF ITS DESCENDANTS

  13. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • CLADOGRAM OF ALL LIFE!! • IT’S A WORK IN PROGRESS! • 3 DOMAIN SYSTEM  • WHAT ABOUT THE 5 -KINGDOM SYSTEM??

  14. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY • YOU KNOW, ALL THIS TALK ABOUT ORGANISMS CHANGING IS ALL WELL, AND GOOD…BUT UUMM, WHERE DID THE VERY FIRST LIVING THINGCOME FROM? I MEAN, DID IT JUST FALL OUT OF THE SKY?HOW CAN YOUHAVE EVOLUTIONWITHOUT LIFE TOBEGIN WITH?NEXT CHAPTER THE ORIGIN OF LIFE!!!

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