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Dams & Development: A New Framework for Decision-Makers in Southern Africa

This article explores the implications of the WCD report and the South African Initiative on the WCD for Southern Africa, focusing on case studies such as the Gariep/Van der Kloof Dams and the Kariba Dam. It emphasizes the importance of a multi-stakeholder initiative in the region and highlights key issues such as participation, resettlement, and energy.

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Dams & Development: A New Framework for Decision-Makers in Southern Africa

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  1. “Dams & Development: A New Framework for Decision-Makers”What this means for Southern Africa Based on the WCD Report & the South African Initiative on the WCD

  2. Southern African Contribution to WCD Knowledge Base Minister Kader Asmal as Chair - reflecting Southern Perspective Pilot Study - Gariep / Van der Kloof Dams Kariba Case Study Southern African Hearings Africa / Middle East Regional Consultation Multitude of Scientists / Experts - DWAF, In- Stream Flow Requirements, Participation, Resettlement, Energy etc.

  3. WHY A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER INITIATIVE IS IMPORTANT TO SOUTHERN AFRICA It is the developing countries that can least afford to make the mistakes of the developed world SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 3A Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  4. Southern African Hearings for Communities affected by large dams • open space for community testimonies • Audience was the WCD • highlighted issues of compensation, reparations, participation in decision-making • African graves SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 3B Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  5. The WCD is therefore an African Report representing African experience, and … charting the way for a more sustainable and equitable African future…

  6. What its all about – Quick Refresher

  7. Why a World Commission on Dams ? In response to escalating conflicts over the role of dams in development, all constituents came together to establish the Commission

  8. What did the Commission accomplish ? The most comprehensive, global and independent review of dams from which it developed recommendations for future decision-making

  9. The Process • Multi-stakeholder in Nature • Knowledge driven review – listening and learning from the past • Multifaceted analysis – integrated assessment • Extensive negotiations within WCD led to agreed recommendations

  10. Lakshmi Chand Jain Kader Asmal Who is the Commission ? Donald Blackmore Joji Cariño Deborah Moore José Goldemberg Judy Henderson Jan Veltrop Thayer Scudder Medha Patkar Göran Lindahl Achim Steiner

  11. Partnerships Stakeholders Writers & Study teams Commissioners World Commission on Dams Forum Financiers

  12. What did the Commission find from the knowledge base ? Dams have delivered considerable benefits In too many cases the price paid to secure those benefitshasbeen unacceptable and often unnecessary

  13. Findings from WCD Knowledge base • Dams have made a significant contribution • A considerable number have fallen below targets • Economic and financial under-performance • Significant impacts on riverine &downstream ecosystems • Heavy toll on affected communities • Alternatives often exist • Lack of compliance

  14. The Process and outcomes of the SA Multistakeholder Initiative on the WCD Report 2001 - 2004 SA Initiative WCD Slide 12 Created by Brian Hollingworth July 2002

  15. INITIAL MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PLANNING COMMITTEE FEB – JUNE 2001 SYMPOSIUM World Commission on Dams Report Opening by WCD Chairperson, Prof. Kader Asmal 19 and 20 June 2001 Eskom Conference Centre, Midrand The symposium is being jointly organised by the SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON LARGE DAMS, the DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY, the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING GROUP and IUCN – THE WORLD CONSERVATIONUNION

  16. FIRST MULTI-STAKEHOLDER FORUM July 2001 • 120 Delegates • Workshop and Commissions • Resolutions • Broad support for strategic priorities • Need to contextualise to Southern Africa • Elected Steering Committee • Need to take WCD recommendations into SADC SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 5 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  17. INITIAL MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PLANNING COMMITTEE FEB – JUNE 2001 • Joint ownership from the very beginning • Symposium provided equal space for different perspectives • Neutral facilitator • Ensured delegates from all stakeholder groups • MS workshops to plan the way forward SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 4 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  18. COMMITTEE Government Utilities • Analytical approaches • Annual MS Forums • Scoping Report • Substantive Report • Reparations sub-committee Research & Finance Affected communities Private Sector NGO’s SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 6 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  19. Analytical Approaches • Come to conclusion on relevance and desirability in SA • Check against existing policy, regulation and legislation • Whether implementation is sucessful • What mechanisms are available eg participatory, monitoring etc • Make recommendations on: • Gaps or inadequacies in policy regulation and compliance • Improve implementation • Make Recommendations to: • specific institutions regarding their approaches • stakeholder groups regarding further action • Identify outstanding research needs • Use illustrative SA examples SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 7 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  20. Provide mandate & legitimacy Review work of Committee Debate issues Agree way forward Elect new committee Approve Substantive Report July 01 July 02 October 03 October 04 ANNUAL MULTI- STAKEHOLDER FORUMS SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 9 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  21. SCOPING REPORT • Contextualises in South Africa • Comments and inputs from Forum delegates • Differing viewpoints from all stakeholders • Defines boundaries for substantive issues SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 8 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  22. SUBSTANTIVE REPORT • Using Scoping Report as base • Forum and committee inputs • Neutral author • Each WCD Strategic Priority in turn • Consensus seeking • Focus on recommendations and research needs for all stakeholders Presented to Oct 2004 Forum SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 10 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

  23. October 2004 Forum • Endorsement of Substantive Report with Minor Changes • Commendation to the Multi-stakeholder Committee for doing good work • Emphasis on the implementing the recommendations and research needs • Thus emphasizing the relevance of the WCD

  24. International Recognition of the SA Initiative on the WCD Report • Presentations at the UNEP Dams and Development Forums 2002, 2003, 2004 • Stockholm World Meeting 2002 • WWF UK WCD Meeting 2003 • Kyoto Third World Water Forum 2003 • World Social Forum, Porto Alegre 2003 • International delegates attending Annual Forum Meetings – Sweden, Nepal, USA, rest of Africa

  25. Factors contributing to success • Reasonable and committed participants • Belief that WCD improves practices, has much to offer and can be implemented • Early adoption of core values and approaches • Realisation that SA could not afford to repeat past mistakes • Determination to build consensus • Clear process & Time for reflection • Funds for critical elements SA Initiative Stockholm Slide 11 Created by Brian Hollingworth and Liane Greef March 04

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