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Enhancing Livability in Mumbai's Lower-Income Housing: A Spatial Mapping Study

Research by Kimaya Keluskar explores the disparity between national urban standards and conditions in informal settlements in Mumbai, focusing on strategies for sustainable reconstruction and incorporating environmental services for healthier settlements. The study assesses livability parameters, including accessibility and health impacts, using thermal imaging and data analysis.

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Enhancing Livability in Mumbai's Lower-Income Housing: A Spatial Mapping Study

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  1. MappingLivabilityoflowerincomehousing typologiesintheCityofMumbai Researcher–KimayaKeluskar BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  2. ResearchQuestions: What is thedisparitybetweenthenational/urbanstandardsand normsforenvironmentalsufficiencyandtheconditionsoftheinformalsettlements?Doestheir differencesuggestanindicatorofhumanadaptability? Aretherelimitsto densityof populationand built up spacethat would beenvironmentallysustainable,giventhetypologiesof building that areeconomicallyaffordable? BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  3. Whatcouldbetheeconomicallyaffordablestrategiesofspatialre-arrangementandreconstruction,andmethodsof incorporatingenvironmentalservicesthatwould evolveinto settlementsthat arehealthy,safe,low-carbonandenvironmentallysustainable?What would be thestrategiesfor innovatingtechnologicalandmanagementsystemsofre-cyclingwaterandwasteandlocalproductionofenergyandnutritionthatcanbeinitiatedlocally? BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  4. ResearchObjects: • Slumrehabilitationandredevelopmentscheme • SiteandservicesScheme • Informalsettlement BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  5. Showing locationofThreecasestudiesinthecityof Mumbai BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  6. Methodology BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  7. LIVABILITY ‘Livability’relatesdirectlyto qualityoflifeandwell-being ina particularlocation(Gerradbrown, 2006). Ina residential colonylivabilitydependsontheimmediatephysicalbuiltenvironmentaroundanindividualandtheneighbourhood whereonewalks along thestreetsto reachto thenearest busstation orrail station(Gerradbrown, 2006). BrookeLyndhurst talksabout different interpretation oflivabilitydepending ondifferent continents. Howeverheagreesthat globallytheidea oflivabilityculminatesintoqualityofLife, well-being andlifesatisfaction(BrookLyndhurst,2004). Accessibility:Accesstominimum5basicamenitiesneededfordaytodaylivinglikegrocerystore, freshvegetable/meat market , bank, etcwithin 500m radius. (CII,2010). BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  8. ParametersaffectingLivability Residentscomplainingifrespiratoryrelatedillness. Lotof patientsaresuffering fromtuberculosisandskindiseases BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  9. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  10. NatwarParekhCompound -SitePlan BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  11. TypicalFloorLayout BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  12. Internalthermalmappingofthecornerhousingunitat4th floor;clearlydepictsthewaterleakagesanddampnessthroughthe structuralelements.Absenceofaircirculation withinindoorsresultinhighrelativehumiditylevelsand mouldformation;affecting thehealthoftheoccupants. Thechildren sufferfrom asthma andfrequentcoughandcold.Theelectricfansarerunningcontinuouslytoachievecomfortableindoorconditions. Thermalimageofthegroundfloorcorridorfringedalongtheinternalcourt.Waterleakagesanddampnesswithintheplinth levelandbeamsatintermediatespotsarevisible. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  13. ShowingpositionofDataloggers Installedonsite(Building11C)tomapThermalcomfortwithin unitsatdifferentlevels. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  14. ThermalPerformanceofhousingunitsin11C,NatvarParekhcompound,PAPprojecton27thto29thSept,2017ThermalPerformanceofhousingunitsin11C,NatvarParekhcompound,PAPprojecton27thto29thSept,2017 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 11.00am 12.00pm 01.00pm 02.00pm 03.00pm 04.00pm 05.00pm 06.00pm 07.00pm 08.00pm 09.00pm 10.00pm 11.00pm 12.00pm 01.00am 02.00am 03.00am 04.00am 05.00am 06.00am 07.00am08.00am 09.00am 10.00am 11.00am 12.00pm 01.00pm 02.00pm 03.00pm 04.00pm 05.00pm 06.00pm 07.00pm 08.00pm 09.00pm 10.00pm 11.00pm 12.00pm 01.00am 02.00am 03.00am 04.00am 05.00am 06.00am 07.00am08.00am 09.00am 10.00am ExternalTemp IntTemp (Flat201) IntTemp (Flat501) IntTemp (Flat606) IntTemp (Flat712) IntTemp (Flat302) MappingThermalComfortwithinthehousingunitsatselectedlocationsinbuilding11C atNatvarParekhCompound: BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  15. ThermalPerformanceofhousingunitsat11C,NatvarParekhCompound,PAPProjectThermalPerformanceofhousingunitsat11C,NatvarParekhCompound,PAPProject 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 11.00am 12.00pm 01.00pm 02.00pm 03.00pm 04.00pm 05.00pm 06.00pm 07.00pm 08.00pm 09.00pm 10.00pm 11.00pm 12.00pm 01.00am 02.00am 03.00am 04.00am 05.00am 06.00am 07.00am08.00am 09.00am 10.00am 11.00am 12.00pm 01.00pm 02.00pm 03.00pm 04.00pm 05.00pm 06.00pm 07.00pm 08.00pm 09.00pm 10.00pm 11.00pm 12.00pm 01.00am 02.00am 03.00am 04.00am 05.00am 06.00am 07.00am08.00am 09.00am 10.00am ExternalRH IntRH(Flat201) IntRH(Flat510) IntRH(Flat606) IntRH(Flat712) IntRH(Flat302) MappingThermalComfortwithinthehousingunitsatselectedlocationsinbuilding11C atNatvarParekhCompound: BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  16. Theplacement anddensityofbuildingswithin NatvarParekhcompoundhavepossibilitiesto develop urban street canyoneffect.Urbanstreetcanyonphenomenahasadverseeffectsonairflow rateanddispersion ofexhaust pollutantswithinenvironment. Several researchhasbeen conductedto studytheassessmentofairqualityinstreetcanyon(AfiqWitriMuhammadYazidet.al, 2014). Thus, affecting theindoorventilation ofthebuilt unitsflankedoneithersidesofthestreet wheretheventilationratedependsuponwindvelocityandbuoyancyeffect.Closeproximityto dumping groundandheavytrafficjunctionsurgesthepossibilityofpoorairqualitywithin thehousingscheme. Adverseeffect ofun-noticedimpact ofstreet canyonphenomenaisharmfultooneshealthandqualityOFlife.Thus,itisnecessaryto studythepossibilityofstreet canyon effect inNatvarParekhcompoundto tracethecondition ofairqualitywithintheschemeandeventuallywithinindoorunits. StreetCanyonisa phenomenon occurringinUrbanenvironment.Createdwhenastreetisflanked bytall buildingson both sidesresultingintocanyon –like appearance.Streetcanyon affectsindoor ventilationrateswithin buildings. Buoyancy–Forcethatcauses objecttofloat BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  17. Urbancanyonsarecharacterisedbythreeparameters:H(meanheightofthebuildinginthecanyon),L(lengthofthecanyon),W(widthofthecanyon).Urbancanyonsarecharacterisedbythreeparameters:H(meanheightofthebuildinginthecanyon),L(lengthofthecanyon),W(widthofthecanyon). AspectRatioofCanyon:H/W=21.9m/4.87m=4.49AspectRatioofBuilding:L/H=100.58m/4.87m=20.65 Building DensityJ=Ar(roofarea ofan averagebuilding)/A1(unit groundareaoccupiedbythebuilding)=390.38m/390.38m =1 IftheAspectratioisH/W0.7,inthiscasetheaspectratiois4.49andisgreaterthan 0.7thismeansthatthereiscanyonsituation,otherwisethespacebetweenthebuildingsisnota canyon.ThenextstepistocheckthewindcirculationinthecanyonbyderivingAspectratioL/W,inthiscaseits100.58m/4.87m=20.6valuegreaterthan20signifiesexistenceofwindcirculationinthecanyon;thewindvelocitydependsonthewindspeedoutsidecanyon.(source:finalreportoftheURBVENTproject,F.Allard,June2004). BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  18. MappingVisualComfortincommonareasandselectedhousholds within11CatNatvar ParekhCompound: BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  19. CalculatingCriticalObstructionAngleforDaylighting: Obstructionangleisusedtoestablishprinciplesforthedesignofhousinglayouts. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  20. CalculatingCriticalObstructionAngleforDaylighting: Obstructionangleisusedtoestablishprinciplesforthedesignofhousinglayouts. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  21. CalculatingCriticalObstructionAngleforDaylighting: Obstructionangleisusedtoestablishprinciplesforthedesignofhousinglayouts. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  22. DaylightFactor(DF)CalculationforPAPhousigunits:Skyilluminanceforwarmandhumidclimateis9000luxDaylightFactor(DF)CalculationforPAPhousigunits:Skyilluminanceforwarmandhumidclimateis9000lux Source:Handbookoffunctionalrequirementsofbuildings(otherthanindustrialbldg)1987(SP41)part04,table02andIS:2440-1975 DF=Ei/Eo*100% Ei=Illuminationindoorsatthepointofobservation(Lux)Eo=IlluminationoutdoorsfromanunobstructedSky(Lux) BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  23. SiteConditionwith recordedLuxLevel(refertable02) Table02:Showing daylight factor(DF)inPAPhousing inreferencewithDFasperstandards Daylightfactoristheratioofthelightlevelinside a structuretothelightleveloutsidethestructure. Blueblocksshowscompliancewithstandardsandredblockshowsnon–compliancewithstandards. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  24. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  25. Measuresthrough whichinhabitantsbuild theiradaptivecapacities ComparativeMappingofAdaptiveCapacitieswithinthreeCasestudiesundertaken Indicators:SchedulingActivitiesandCloValue BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  26. Indicators:BuildingElements–Design,ManagementandOperationalHoursIndicators:BuildingElements–Design,ManagementandOperationalHours

  27. Indicators:BuildingEnvelopeand MicroClimate BInUComPresentationVijaywa

  28. ParametersandpointsallocationatNeighbourhoodLevel BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  29. ParametersandpointsallocationatNeighbourhoodLevel BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  30. ParametersandpointsallocationatNeighbourhoodLevel BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  31. ParametersandpointsallocationatNeighbourhoodLevel BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  32. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  33. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  34. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  35. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  36. LivabilityMatrixforNatvarParekhCompound,arehabilitationandredevelopmentschemedevelopedunderTDR (RefertoAnnexure1-forpointbased evaluationtemplate) BInUComPresentationVijaywad

  37. LivabilityMatrixfor Sector05 (SAS),Charkop BInUComPresentationVijaywada2

  38. Nagar, LivabilityMatrixDahisarWest forSainath BInUComPresentat

  39. Recommendations: BuildingBye-lawsandDesignimperatives: Building ontheLinesofEcosystem Servicesforproposedconstructionsandretrofittingofexistingschemes: NeedforsettingupLandscapegreeninfrastructureinurbanclimateespeciallyinhighdensityareas. 1b.1:ImpactonUrbanclimate: 1b.2:ImpactonHealthandwell-being: NecessityofAdvocacyandEmbeddedness: BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  40. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  41. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  42. Methodology: Mappingisconductedundervariouskeyindicatorslistedbelowwhichworktowardsenhancingthequalityoflifewithinaneighbourhood. Module01:BasicNeedsandStandardofliving Module02:HealthandWellness Module03:EnvironmentandSustainability Module04:EnergyandClimate Module05:AccessibilityandSocialinteraction Module06:CommunityandBelonging BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  43. LearningOutcomes: • Understandingbuildingdesignperformancewithrespecttoclimateanditsimpactonoccupant’shealth. • Occupantbehaviourpatternsandtechniquesofadaptationtoachievecomfortwithinbuildings. • Howcomfortisbeingunderrated withinextremelivingconditionsand whyindividualsespeciallyineconomicalweakersectionsfailstorealisethedeterioratedhealthconditionsoncerehabilitatedinhigh-risetypologiesofbuildings. • How livabilitygetsaffectedby social economical andenvironmental stresseswithin a livingcondition andhow empirical data helpsexplain theanecdotal observationandact asfirst steptowardscreatingframeworkforformingguidelinestoimprovesocialenvironmentalandeconomicconditionsofcommunitiesmakingthemmoreinclusiveandresilient. • Learninghowtousevariousmonitoringdevicestoacquiredataandusinganalyticaltoolstoassessthedataforcreatingsignificantlysubstantiatedobservationsandrecommendations. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  44. Assignments: Task 1:Fieldmonitoring using environmentalinstruments assessing existing environmentalconditions ofthe casechosenfor study. Task2:Holisticreportdepictingtheexistingenvironmentalconditionsofthecaseconsideredwithempirical datatosubstantiatethe argumentoflivabilitywithinthecolony. Fieldwork BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  45. Fieldwork BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  46. MahulCaseStudy BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  47. MahulCaseStudy BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

  48. BInUComPresentationVijaywada2019-KimayaKeluskar

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