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ADHD & the Development of Self-Identity

ADHD & the Development of Self-Identity. Emma Woodhouse Neurodevelopmental Specialist Psychotherapist. ? ADHD ?. ? ADHD ?. ? ADHD ?. Rogers (1959 ). The Development Of Self Concept. Babies learn that they are separate from all the other people & objects around them

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ADHD & the Development of Self-Identity

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  1. ADHD & the Development of Self-Identity Emma Woodhouse Neurodevelopmental Specialist Psychotherapist

  2. ? ADHD ? ? ADHD ? ? ADHD ? Rogers (1959)

  3. The Development Of Self Concept Babies learn that they are separate from all the other people & objects around them 1. Physical sensations: If he falls over, it hurts but if someone else falls over then he himself does not feel pain 2. Awareness of control: His actions have certain consequences e.g. he touches a toy, it moves

  4. The Categorical Self Ever increasing number of categories Younger - Concrete (e.g. hair colour, height and favourite things) Older – Abstract (e.g. personality traits, comparative evaluations) Examples: • Age • Gender • Likes/dislikes • Sexuality • Personality traits • Morals • Life philosophies

  5. ADHD-ADHD-ADHD-ADHD-ADHD

  6. Teenage-hood 13-19 Baby 0-2 Toddler 2-5 Childhood 5-13 Senior Years 60-100 Adulthood 19-40 Senior Adulthood 40-60

  7. 15% continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD at 25 years of age A further 50% suffer impairment from residual symptoms of ADHD Meta-analysis Faraone et al (2006)

  8. Increased social awareness Suppression of external hyperactivity Increased internal restlessness

  9. Three words?

  10. Inattention • Close attention to detail /careless mistakes • Sustaining attention • Listening • Following through instructions • Organising tasks • Sustained mental effort • Losing things • Easily distracted • Forgetting things

  11. Hyperactivity/ Impulsivity • Fidgeting • Remaining seated • Excessive energy/restlessness • Doing things quietly • On the go / driven by a motor • Talking excessively • Blurting out answers • Waiting his/her turn • Interrupting / intruding on others

  12. The ‘Big Five’ Personality Traits 1. Openness to experience (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious) 2. Conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless) 3. Extraversion (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved) 4. Agreeableness (friendly/compassionate vs. analytical/detached) 5. Neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident)

  13. Prof. Susan Young - www.psychology-services.uk.com www.divacenter.eu/

  14. ? ? ? H M I W O A

  15. Medication Reduction in prescribing patterns throughout adolescence / early adulthood Prescriptions (males) dropped by 95% between 15 → 21 years of age McCarthy et al., 2009 1,636 patients UK GP Research Database 1999-2006

  16. Co-morbidities Comorbidity is seen in 75% of child & adult cases Adolescence Risk period when MH problems may become more complex & serious disorders emerge • Global & Specific Learning Disorders • Tics • Bipolar Disorder • Anxiety Disorders • Mood Disorders • Autism Spectrum Conditions • Conduct & Oppositional Disorders • Personality Disorders • Psychosis • Substance Misuse Kooij & Francken (2010)

  17. Developmental Impact of ADHD ...Pre-school…Childhood…Adolescence…Adulthood… motor accidents alcohol / drug abuse mood instability martial discord antisocial behaviour relationship problems sleep difficulties occupational difficulties peer rejection smoking social difficulties low self esteem co-morbidities academic impairment behavioural disturbance

  18. Michel Phelps

  19. Simone Biles

  20. Jamie Oliver

  21. Will.i.am

  22. Psycho-education • What is ADHD • Differences in the brain • How medication works • Psychological treatments • Strategies • Phone apps • Mental health • Positive aspects of ADHD • Role models

  23. References FaraoneS, Biederman J, Mick E. (2006) The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies.Psychol Med. 36: 159-165. Kooij, J.J., Francken, M.H. (2010). DIVA 2.0. Diagnostic Interview Voor ADHD in Adults bijvolwassenen [DIVA 2 0 Diagnostic Interview ADHD in Adults]. DIVA Foundation 〈http://www.divacenter.eu/DIVA.aspx〉. Accessed 15 April 2016. McCarthy S, Asherson P, Coghill D, Hollis C, Murray M, Potts L, et al. (2009). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: treatment discontinuation in adolescents and young adults. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 194(3):273-277. Rogers, C. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. In (ed.) S. Koch,Psychology: A study of a science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the person and the social context. New York: McGraw Hill. Young S. (2014). ACE http://www.psychology-services.uk.com/adhd-in-adolescence.htm.

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