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3. Hi-Landers Ham Class Instructed by Rich Bugarin W6EC

4. Sub-element 5 of 10

5. Ham Radio Technician Class Exam preparation Power Point created by Rich Bugarin W6EC. Effective July 1, 2018 and is valid until June 30, 2022. Please send suggested changes to this presentation to: w6ec@thebugarins.com

6. Study Hints • I suggest you read each question and only the correct answer. Read through the complete question pool at least three times before you attempt taking a practice exams. For higher impact and better results read the correct answer first then the question and again the correct answer. • The key to passing the exam is to get the most questions correct using the above method the correct response will often jump out at you on test day even if you don’t remember the question.

7. Text Color • Black: Original/Official questions and information in original format (unaltered). • Red: Original information text color simply changed to highlight subject. • Blue: Notes and information added by Rich (W6EC).

8. SUBELEMENT T5 – Electrical principles, math for electronics, electronic principles, Ohm’s Law • [4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups]

9. Basic Electronics Info • E = Electro Motive Force Measured in Volts = V • I = Intensity of Current Flow Measured Amperes (Amps) = A • R = Resistance Measured in Ohms =  • P = Power Measured in Watts = W

10. Ohms Law • To calculate Volts when you know the Amp and Ohm value. • E= I x R

11. Ohms Law • To calculate Amps when you know the Volt and Ohm value. • I = E ÷ R • I = E/R • I = } Three ways of writing the same formula. E R

12. Ohms Law • To calculate Ohms when you know the Volt and Amp value. • R = E ÷ I

13. Ohms Law • Therefore the three ohms law formulas are: • E= I x R • I = E / R • R = E / I • The three formulas can easily be remembered by placing them in a circular form shown on the next slide.

14. E I R Ohms Law

15. Ohms Law E I R To find the Voltage formula cover the “E” leaving IxR

16. Ohms Law E I R To find the Amp formula cover the “I” leaving E/R

17. Ohms Law E I R To find the Ohm formula cover the “R” leaving E/I

18. Calculating Voltage I=2A R=12 E=? E=IxR 2x12 = 24 Answer: E = 24V

19. Calculating Amps I=? R=12 E=24V I=E/R 24/12 = 2 Answer: I = 2A

20. Calculating Ohms I=2A R=? E=24V R=E/I 24/2 = 12 Answer: R = 12 

21. Series Circuit Key features: All components are wired stringed together having a single current path (current is the same through out the circuit). Note; there are no branch points.

22. Parallel Circuit Key Factors: Components are wired in separate branches and operates independent from each other. Each component gets the same voltage. Cars are wired this way so each component receives 12 volts.

23. T5A - Electrical principles, units, and terms: current and voltage; conductors and insulators; alternating and direct current; series and parallel circuits • #15 of 35

24. T5A01 Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? • Volts B. Watts C. Ohms D. Amperes Current = Amps (flow of Electrons)

25. T5A02 Electrical power is measured in which of the following units? • Volts B. Watts C. Ohms D. Amperes Power = Watts A unit of total work

26. T5A03 What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? A. Voltage B. Resistance C. Capacitance D. Current Current = Amps (I= Intensity of Electron Flow)

27. T5A04 What is the name for a current that flows only in one direction? A. Alternating current B. Direct current C. Normal current D. Smooth current

28. T5A05 What is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow? A. Voltage B. Ampere-hours C. Capacitance D. Inductance Electromotive Force (EMF) = Volts (Push or pressure, similar to PSI)

29. T5A06 How much voltage does a mobile transceiver usually require? A. About 12 volts B. About 30 volts C. About 120 volts D. About 240 volts

30. T5A07 Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? A. Glass B. Wood C. Copper D. Rubber

31. T5A08 Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? A. Copper B. Glass C. Aluminum D. Mercury

32. T5A09 What is the name for a current that reverses direction on a regular basis? A. Alternating current B. Direct current C. Circular current D. Vertical current

33. T5A10 Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used? A. Resistance B. Current C. Power D. Voltage Power = Watts A unit of total work or use of energy

34. T5A11 What is the basic unit of electromotive force? A. The volt B. The watt C. The ampere D. The ohm Electromotive Force (EMF) = Volts (Push or pressure, similar to PSI)

35. T5A12 What term describes the number of times per second that an alternating current reverses direction? A. Pulse rate B. Speed C. Wavelength D. Frequency Frequency is measured in Hertz = Hz, it is a measure of how many cycles occur in one second

36. T5A13 In which type of circuit is current the same through all components? A. Series B. Parallel C. Resonant D. Branch

37. T5A14 In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components? A. Series B. Parallel C. Resonant D. Branch

38. T5B - Math for electronics: conversion of electrical units; decibels; the metric system • #16 of 35

39. METRIC PREFIX • Metric prefixes are used to shorten a number to allow easer handling and communications of the value. • Metric prefixes were originally used in the scientific and electronics sectors, but with high tech equipment all around us it has found its way into every day life. • An example is a computer has 512,000,000 bytes of memory, it is easer to say 512 Mega Bytes and very easy to write it as 512Mb. • Following is the most common metric prefixes used in electronics and a convenient chart to organize them.

40. Metric Prefix Units = Basic unit of measurement with no prefix. Example: 5 volts = 5V

41. Metric Prefix Kilo = Thousand = 1,000. Example: 5,000 Volts = 5KV

42. Metric Prefix Mega = Million = 1,000,000. Example: 64,000,000 Bytes = 64Mb

43. Metric Prefix Giga = Billion = 1,000,000,000. Example: 80,000,000,000 Bytes = 80Gb

44. Metric Prefix Tera = Trillion = 1,000,000,000,000. Example: 8,000,000,000,000 Bytes = 8Tb

45. Kilo, Mega Giga and Tera are conveniently spaced 1000 apart from each other. • Mega is a thousand times larger than Kilo. • Mega is a thousand times smaller than Giga. • Kilo, Mega Giga and Tera are all used to represent numbers that are larger than the number 1.

46. Some times we will be dealing with numbers that are smaller than the number 1. • Lets say we have a meter stick and we brake it into a thousand pieces, we then keep 5 of the thousand pieces we can express that as 5/1000 or 0.005 meters. • Using metric prefixes it is known as 5 milli meters and written as 5mm.

47. Metric Prefix Milli = Thousandth = 0.001 or 1/1,000. Example: 0.008 Amps = 8mA

48. Metric Prefix Micro = Millionth = 0.000,001 or 1/1,000,000. Micro is represented by the Greek Letter µ Example: 0.000,009 meters = 9µm

49. Metric Prefix Nano = Billionth = 0.000,000,001 Example: 0.000,000,025 seconds = 25ns

50. Metric Prefix Pico = Trillionth = 0.000,000,000,001 Example: 0.000,000,000,750 Farads = 750pF