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Madison Weather Update: 31 JUL 2002 | Sky: Mostly Sunny | Temp: 83F | Wind: SW8 MPH

Stay informed with Madison's current weather conditions as of 10:00 AM CDT on July 31, 2002. Get detailed updates twice per hour. Check the temperature, dew point, humidity, wind speed, and more. Explore current surface weather maps, isobars, and radar information. Learn about atmospheric motions, friction effects, horizontal and vertical winds, vorticity, and planetary-scale circulation. Understand prevailing wind regimes, average air pressure, and atmospheric circulation patterns.

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Madison Weather Update: 31 JUL 2002 | Sky: Mostly Sunny | Temp: 83F | Wind: SW8 MPH

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  1. MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 31 JUL 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: MOSUNNY Temperature: 83 F (28 C) Dew Point: 66 F (18 C) Relative Humidity: 56% Wind: SW8 MPH Barometer: 30.00S (1015.9 mb)

  2. Last 24 hrs in Madison FOG

  3. CURRENT VISIBLE

  4. Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radar

  5. Current Temperatures (°F) & Isotherms(“iso” = equal +”therm” = temperature)

  6. Current Dewpoints (oF)

  7. Tomorrow AM Forecast Map

  8. Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radar

  9. Current Surface Winds with Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed) H L L L L H L H L L H H L H L L L L H H H H

  10. Current 5,000 ft. Windswith Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)

  11. Current 10,000 ft. Windswith Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)

  12. Current 34,000 ft. Winds & Jet Streamwith Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed) Trough Ridge

  13. ATM OCN 100 - Spring 2002 LECTURE 20 (con’t.) THE THEORY OF WINDS: PART III - RESULTANT ATMOSPHERIC MOTIONS (con’t.) • Introduction & Assumptions Buys-Ballot Law Hydrostatic Balance Relationship • Horizontal Equation of Motion Local Winds Geostrophic Winds Winds in Friction Layer

  14. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997) MODELS

  15. Current Midwest Weather Plot

  16. Current Midwest Weather Analysis L H

  17. Flow in Friction LayerSee Fig. 9.15 Moran & Morgan (1997) No Friction Geostrophic Friction Subgeostrophic

  18. Flow in Friction LayerSee Fig. 9.15 Moran & Morgan (1997) Vector Magnitude1. Depends on Friction 2. Less than Geostrophic Wind • Vector Direction: • Angles across isobars • Toward Low in either hemisphere

  19. Observation:Right with Height

  20. Variation of Friction Effects with HeightSee Fig. 9.16 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  21. Varying effects of Surface Roughness

  22. Variations in Surface Roughness leads to divergence/convergence patternsSee Fig. 9.22 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  23. F. CURVED, HORIZONTAL BALANCED MOTION - “GRADIENT FLOW” • Assumptions • Without Friction • Two Cases

  24. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  25. “GRADIENT” FLOW: ANTICYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.13 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  26. “GRADIENT” FLOW: ANTICYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.13 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  27. “GRADIENT” FLOW: CYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.14 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  28. “GRADIENT” FLOW: CYCLONIC CaseSee Fig. 9.14 Moran and Morgan (1997):

  29. G. GRADIENT FLOW WITH FRICTION • Resultant flow with Friction FCentripetal =FPG,H + FCor + FFriction (A vector summation).

  30. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  31. G. GRADIENT FLOW WITH FRICTION • Resultant flow with Friction FCentripetal =FPG,H + FCor + FFriction (A vector summation). • Applicability to the Atmosphere • Situation • Resultant Diagrams

  32. Anticyclonic Flow in Friction Layer Fig. 9.17 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  33. Cyclonic Flow in Friction Layer Fig. 9.18 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  34. Near-Surface Windsin each HemisphereSee Figs. 9.17 & 9.18 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  35. Summary of Forces for selected modelsSee Table 9.1 Moran & Morgan (1997)

  36. H. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL MOTIONS • Dilemma • Convergence / Divergence • Principle of Mass Continuity

  37. Features in a Surface Low (Convergence & Ascent)

  38. Features in a Surface High (Sinking & Divergence)

  39. H. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL MOTIONS (con’t.) • Dines’ Compensation • Resultant Vertical Motions • Implications of Dines' Compensation

  40. I. VORTICES & VORTICITY • Definitions • Characteristic Vortex Features

  41. Vorticity Cyclonic Vorticity • Types of Vorticity Anticyclonic Vorticity

  42. Vorticity • Conservation of Vorticity

  43. ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 24 PLANETARY-SCALE CIRCULATION of EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE A. INTRODUCTION • Why do weather systems in ...mid latitudes move from west to east? but..tropics move from east to west?

  44. Typical Movement of Storms

  45. Year 2001 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks in North Atlantic 8 Hurricanes 7 Trop. Storms

  46. Year 2001 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks in Eastern/Central North Pacific 8 Hurricanes 7 Trop. Storms

  47. B. GLOBAL SCALE PREVAILING SURFACE WINDS • Historical Wind Observations • Popular Names of Principal Prevailing Surface Wind Regimes • Where…

  48. Popular Names of Global-Scale Prevailing Wind Belts Polar easterlies Westerlies Horse Latitudes NE Trades Doldrums SE Trades Horse Latitudes Westerlies Polar easterlies

  49. Average Air Pressure & Atmospheric Circulation • Polar Highs (or anticyclones) • Subpolar Lows (or cyclones) Subtropical High Pressure Cells IntertropicalConvergence Zone (ITCZ) ~ Subtropical High Pressure Cells Subpolar Lows (or cyclones

  50. C. AVERAGE SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE PATTERNSSee Table 10.1 Moran & Morgan (1997) • Relationships between Prevailing winds & Major Pressure Patterns

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