Basic terms and concepts

1. Basic terms and concepts • Photography is … • Inverse Square Law • Color Temperature • Mixing light sources • Filters (in camera, light mounted, window mounted) • Needs of camera / mood of shot / invisible • 3 point lighting (background, kicker) • Flat lighting, 2-point?, bounce? • Typical equipment • Spot or flood • Quartz, HSF or LED • Grid or light stands

2. Key to Effective Lighting:Shadow • Shadow gives images form, weight, texture, mood, depth. Also reveals spatial relationships.

3. 3 considerations before lighting • Key light placement – 180 degrees around subject • Quality of light – hard or soft • Shadow treatment – low key or high key

4. Try to separate subject from background

5. 3 results of light hitting object

6. Typical 3 point lighting diagram

7. 3 Attributes of Key Light • Primary source of illumination • Primary factor of overall exposure • Determines placement and quality of shadow

8. Quality of Light • Refers to hard or soft quality of light • “Pin” or undiffused sources create hard shadows that fall off sharply (fresnel) • Soft light is created by using large sources of diffused light. • Determined by two attributes • Large source • Relatively close to subject

9. Floor plan of Portrait Key Light Possibilities

10. Subject lit from 3:00 Position

11. Subject lit from 4:00 Position

12. Subject lit from 5:00 Position

13. Subject lit from 6:00 Position

14. Diffused Lighting

15. See textbook example • Catch lights to show proper placement • Broadlighting: when the key light shines of the side of the face closest to the camera • Short lighting: when the key light is on the side of the face opposite the camera; the camera is on the fill or shadow side

16. Short lighting • Side of face toward camera is shadow

17. Broad lighting – side of face toward camera is lit

18. Functions of Fill Light • Fills shadows created by key light • Does not create new shadow

19. Adding Fill for Portrait Lighting

20. Fill Light Without Fill With Fill

21. Backlight Hard backlight Soft Backlight

22. Background With Background Without Background

23. Hard vs. Soft Key Light Hard Soft

24. Relative Distance of Soft Light Source: Inverse Square Law Close Far

25. Lighting Dark Skin with Large Sources of Light Pin Light Source Large Diffused Source

26. One Light Setup Use available Light from existing window— Don’t shoot like this – why?

27. One-Light Setup Available Light One-Light Setup

28. One-Light Setup Light directly in front Short Side of Face

29. Color Balance Color Temps Mixing Key light with correct white balance set correction

30. Warming the Scene Normal Color Balance Tricking Camera to Produce Warmer Tones

31. Using Backlight as Key

32. Use Large sources for Specular Reflections

33. Backlight as Key Creates Form, Depth, Dynamic Images

34. Camera • Indoor, outdoor, automatic • Manual vs. automatic (of anything) • Size of chip • Camera to subject distance • Light to subject distance

35. Lighting effects • Silhouette – back lit

36. Lighting effects • Cameo: spot on subject, dark background

37. Lighting effects • Limbo: softly lit (white) background (cyc)