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Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms. habitat ecosystem engineers and foundation species facilitation predation refuge community ecosystem types of species interactions: uni- or bi directional neutral, positive, or negative strong or weak. Session 2: Rocky Shores
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Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms • habitat • ecosystem engineers and foundation species • facilitation • predation refuge • community • ecosystem • types of species interactions: • uni- or bi directional • neutral, positive, or negative • strong or weak Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.1 Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms
The Physical Setting of Rocky Shore Habitats • Global distribution and geology of rocky shore habitats • Rocky shores are intertidal habitats • What are tides and what role do they play in shaping intertidal communities? • Waves can be important forces structuring the abundance, zonation, and diversity of intertidal species • Intertidal organisms have evolved adaptations to cope with this stress: • Flexibility • Group living • Flattened and small bodies Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.2 The Physical Setting of Rocky Shores
Inhabitants of rocky shore habitats • Primary producers • macro algae, phytoplankton, encrusting algae • Herbivores • snails, chitons, limpets, urchins • Filter feeders • mussels, barnacles, bryozoans • Predators • sea stars, snails, lobsters, crabs, fish, sea birds, anemones Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.3 Inhabitants of Rocky Shore Habitats
Rocky Shore Community Zonation High Intertidal Zone Mid Intertidal Zone Low Intertidal zone Shallow Subtidal Zone Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.4 Rocky Shore zonation
Rocky Shore Community Zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) mussels (mid intertidal zone) barnacles (high intertidal zone) Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.5 Rocky Shore zonation
Rocky Shore Community Zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.6 Rocky Shore zonation
Rocky Shore Community Zonation algae A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) mussels Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.7 Rocky Shore zonation
Effects of Oil spills on Rocky Shore Communities The Exxon Valdezoil spill case study http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/spotlight/spotlight.html http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/ • released 42 million liters of crude oil into Prince William Sounds, AK • contaminated 2000 km of pristine shoreline • short and effects on the ecosystem and economy • long term effects: 15 years later Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.8 Effects of oil spills on rocky shore communities