EMPEROR OF THE DAY: HADRIAN Reign: 117 - 138AD Achievements : 3rd of “five good emperors”

1. EMPEROR OF THE DAY: • HADRIAN • Reign: 117 - 138AD • Achievements: • 3rd of “five good emperors” • most well travelled emperor • secured the boundaries of the Roman Empire (eg. Hadrian’s Wall in Britain)

2. HADRIAN’S VILLA Date:118-134AD How do we know this?Brick stamps found on site give two phases of construction 118-125 and 125-134AD Area: 1.5 sq km Materials: Mainly brick-faced concrete, covered with stucco Location: Countryside near Tivoli. Built for: The Emperor Hadrian’s personal use

4. The Academy Vale of Tempe The Canopus and Serapeum Piazza D’Oro Poikile Maritime Theatre

6. Canopus: Pool named after an Egyptian town in the Nile Delta - the long pool may have been inspired by the Nile River. Serapeum: semicircular dining area named after a temple in Alexandria where the god Serapis (invented by Ptolemy) was worshipped. with a half ‘pumpkin’ dome and a nymphaeum (water feature) with niches holding statues or fountains. The Canopus Caryatids – statues of women – copies from the Acropolis in Athens

8. "Go away and draw your pumpkins. You know nothing about these [architectural] matters." –Apollodorus to Hadrian

9. Piazza D’Oro Pumpkin- domed entrance way Large Octagonal Hall with domed roof and small oculus Nymphaeum Colonnaded Courtyard

11. Poikile

12. Poikile Named after Stoa Poikile (Painted Porch), where the Stoic school of philosophy started in Athens. Short ends of colonnade are curved (Hadrianic feature) Large central pool was surrounded by exercise area and portico S-W end is held up by a series of barrel vaults

13. Maritime Theatre “A villa within a villa” – Hadrian’s private retreat

14. Maritime Theatre “A villa within a villa” – Hadrian’s private retreat Baths Colonnaded Walkway Entrance way Dining Room Central Courtyard Drawbridges Bedrooms

16. ‘Pumpkin’ Dome Curved walls Nympheum Long Pool Hadrianic Features

17. Half ‘Pumpkin’ Dome Nympheum Niches Long Pool Hadrianic Features

18. Curved walls Water Feature Hadrianic Features

19. Hadrian’s Influences

20. The names of parts of the Villa eg. Canopus and Serapeum – taken from places he had visited. Use of materials eg. Egyptian granite in the courtyard of Piazza d’Oro The statues eg. The crocodile next to the Canopus. Egyptian Features

21. The names of parts of the Villa eg. Poikile – Taken from places he has visited. The use of the Greek columns eg. Ionic columns in the Maritime Theatre. Copies of Greek statues eg. Caryatids – adapted from those seen on the Erechtheion on the Acropolis in Athens. Influence from Greek painting on the Mosaics decorating the Villa eg. The Lion Mosaic and The Goat Mosaic. Greek Features

22. The use of arch and vault. The types of buildings eg. baths. Dome with oculus Emphasis on curves. Water features Roman / Hadrianic Features