Non Mendelian Genetics

1. Non Mendelian Genetics Incomplete Dominance Codominance Human Blood Types

2. Incomplete Dominance • Heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotype SnapdragonsHuman Hair RR – red SS - straight WW – white CC - curly RW – pink SC - wavy

5. Warm-Up • Organism X exhibits incomplete dominance for its fur color. One homozygous form is red and the other homozygous form is blue. The heterozygous form is purple. • Cross a blue female and a purple male. • Predict the ratios of fur color in their offspring.

6. Codominance • Both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition CowsChickens RR – red (chestnut) BB – black WW – white WW - white RW – roan BW – black and white

12. Codominance Practice Problems Phenotypes: • Roan 50%, White 50% • Red 25%, Roan 50%, White 25% • Roan 100% • Red 50%, Roan 50% • Black and White 100% • Black 50%, Black and White 50% • Black 25%, Black and White 50%, White 25% • Black and White 50%, White 50%

13. Human Blood Groups • Blood groups were discovered in 1901 by Karl Landsteiner • Adult human has 4-6 liters of blood • Parts of blood: a. Red blood cell: contains hemoglobin which transports oxygen to body b. White blood cells: fight infections c. Platelets: help blood clot d. Plasma: made of salts and proteins

14. Multiple Alleles Multiple alleles (2 or more) code for traits Ex: Blood groups Human Blood Group Genotypes A: IAIA(homozygous dominant) orIAi (heterozygous) B: IBIB(homozygous dominant) orIBi (heterozygous) AB: IAIB (co-dominant) O: ii (homozygous recessive)

15. Human Blood Donating

17. Rh Factor • Named for rheses monkey • Rh+: has the Rh protein • Rh-: does not have Rh protein • RR or Rr = Rh+ rr = Rh-

18. Practice crosses 1) Sally is heterozygous for Blood type A and Sam has blood type O. Predict the possible blood types of their children. 2) Tracy has blood type AB, while her husband has blood type A. Is it possible for them to create a child with blood type O? Set up a cross. 3) Allison has a child with blood type AB. She has blood type A and her husband (Phil) has blood type AB. Is Phil the father?

19. Blood Type Crosses Worksheet Answers 1) 50% A, 25% AB, 25% B 2) Woman 1 3) Not their child 4) He could be the father 5) Garfield could be the father 6) Blood type A or B 7) Blood type A, B, AB 8) Blood type A, B, AB, O 9) Blood type O 10) Yes 11) No, all kids will be blood type O

20. Sex-Linked (X-linked) Disorders • Genetic disorders can be carried on the X chromosome • The Y chromosome is too small, only carries for male characteristics • Examples of sex-linked recessive disorders: hemophilia, colorblindness, baldness

21. Hemophilia

22. Hemophilia Can cause massive internal bleeding = bruising

23. Genotypes Hemophilia Females XHXH – normal for bloodclotting XHXh – carrier for hemphilia XhXh – hemophilia Males XHY – normal for bloodclotting XhY – hemophilia

24. Color Blind Tests

25. Color Blind Tests

26. What do you see if you are colorblind?

27. What do you see if you are colorblind?

28. What do you see if you are colorblind?

29. Pattern Baldness

30. Pattern Baldness

31. Pattern Baldness

32. Women with Baldness

33. Women with Baldness

34. Genotypes Colorblindness and Baldness Females XBXB – normal vision XBXb – carrier for colorblindness XbXb – colorblind Males XBY – normal vision XbY – colorblindness

35. Practice Problems • John’s mom is colorblind and his dad has normal vision. Give the genotype and phenotype ratios for John and his siblings. • Susan is a carrier for hemophilia. She marries Bob who has hemophilia. Give the genotype and phenotype ratios for their children. • Rick wants to know if he will be bald as an adult. Rick’s mom is not bald. Rick’s dad is bald. Rick’s maternal grandfather is bald. Rick’s paternal grandfather is not bald. What about Rick?