Manas Wildlife Sanctuary

1. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary India

2. Where is it? • Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is located on a gentle slope in the foothills of the Himalayas in the Assam, north-east India. • It is the home to a great variety of wildlife, including many endangered species such as the Indian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, the tiger and the pygmy hog. Manas Wildlife sanctuary.

3. BriefHistory • Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was put on the World Heritage Danger List in 1992, which was when it was invaded by militants of the Bodo tribe in Assam. • It was first inscribed on the World heritage List in 1985.

4. Why is it in Danger? • The Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was put on the World Heritage Danger List because it was invaded in 1992. The damage was estimated more than two million US dollars. Also the site’s infrastructure suffered damage from 1992 – 93. • Because of a lack of government structure, poaching increased, leading to a loss of thirty-three rhinos during 1989 – 1992.

5. What is being done to Protect the Site? • The Indian Government, the State Government of Assam and the Park authorities have planned a $2,35 million (US dollars) rehabilitation. They opened it in 1997 and is progressing satisfactory. • There still is a threat of insurgency to the site, even though the security conditions have improved. Militants still often pass through the sanctuary. • The site is improving it’s relationship with local villagers, and it’s site protection.

7. Bibliography • http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/ • http://www.wild-india.com/WildlifeSanctuaries/manas-wild-sanctuary.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/manas-national-park

8. Bam and it’s Cultural Landscape Iran

9. Where is it? • Bam is located in southern-eastern Iran, in a desert environment, 200km south of Kerman. • The ruined city is made of mud bricks, clay, straw and the trunks of palm trees.

10. Brief Description • Bam and it’s Cultural Landscape was put on the World Heritage Danger List in 2004. • Bam’s crossroads of important trade routes became an outstanding example of different things interacting. • It represents an exceptional example of the development of a trading settlement in the desert environment. • It is a fortified settlement, by the use of a mud layer technique called Chineh, combined with mud bricks called Khesht. • Bam shows how man and nature interact in a desert environment.

11. Why is it in Danger? • Bam was hit by an earthquake in December 2003. It severely damaged the rich architectural remains. 26, 000 people died and it ruined 80% of Bam’s magnificent Citadel.

12. What is being done to Protect the Site? • 24 of the towers damaged in the earthquake are being reconstructed. • Several countries are helping to reconstruct Bam, such as Japan, Italy and France. Japan funded $500, 000 (US dollars,) Italy funded $300, 000 (US dollars,) and it sent out some Italian experts to restore the main tower. While France provided it with a map of Bam Citadel.

14. Bibliography • http://iranarch.blogspot.com/2006/02/reconstruction-of-bam-citadel-needs.html • http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2610/pdf/i5.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bam,_Iran By Gracie Mutton