Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related

1. Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related Hybrid orbitals Lewis Structures Bonding

2. Hybridization Additional Notes

3. Structure and Bonding – sp3 orbitals • Look at methane, CH4 • We must take a look at the 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon • Carbon has two core electrons, and 4 valence • Look at the ground state electron configuration

4. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals

5. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals • Using the ground state configuration, carbon should only form two bonds • Bc there are only two unpaired electrons: • This is NOT STABLE! NO OCTET! • Does not work!

6. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals • Second possibility: with energy, promote an electron in 2s to the empty 2p orbital • Still not good description! This means carbon would form two types of bonds: 3 bonds with the 2p orbitals and 1 bond with the 2s orbital

7. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals • Evidence shows that the four bonds in methane are identical • We do not use pure s and pure p orbitals, instead we use hybrid of the two types of orbitals

8. Structure and Bonding – sp3orbitals • Hybridization of the 2s and three 2p orbitals produced four hybrid orbitals:

9. Structure and Bonding – sp3orbitals • Each bond in CH4 is formed by an overlap of one sp3 orbital of carbon with a 1s orbital from hydrogen

10. Structure and Bonding - sp2 orbitals • One 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals form three sp2 hybrid orbitals, leaving one of the 2p orbitalsunhybridized

11. Structure and Bonding - sp2 orbitals • Let’s look at ethene, C2H4

12. Structure and Bonding – sp orbitals • Let’s look at ethyne, C2H2

13. Summary

14. Summary