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Humanistic Perspectives

Humanistic Perspectives “ Work ought to dignify rather than diminish the human spirit ” George Cheney Human Relations Movement Hawthorne Studies – Western Electric Plant Illumination studies Relay Assembly Test Room Studies – determine influence of working conditions on productivity

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Humanistic Perspectives

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  1. Humanistic Perspectives “Work ought to dignify rather than diminish the human spirit” George Cheney

  2. Human Relations Movement • Hawthorne Studies – Western Electric Plant • Illumination studies • Relay Assembly Test Room Studies – determine influence of working conditions on productivity • Interviews – interviewees more interested in talking about personal feelings/attitudes • Bank Room Wiring Studies – how social groups exercise control over behavior

  3. Implications • Social/emotional needs of workers key variables • Importance of employee feedback/upward cx • Discovery of “informal organization” • “Hawthorne effect” – tendency for people to alter behaviors when studied

  4. Human Relations • Promoted model of human behavior based on self-actualization (Maslow) • Assumes employee’s major motivation is personal development and growth • Goal of mgmt: focus on fulfilling needs of individuals; higher job satisfaction

  5. Human Resources Model • Based on idea that organizational effectiveness is a function of BOTH structure/design AND individual needs • Motivation: tap potential (versus needs satisfaction)

  6. Blake & Mouton’sManagerial Grid Country Club Management High Team Management Concern for People Middle-of-the-Road Management Impoverished Management Authority Compliance Low Low High Concern for Production

  7. Systems TheoryLudwig von Bertalanffy (1968) • Metaphor – organism • An organization is a living entity in an environment that can provide it with energy and to which it can return and output • Principle of Interdepence – system parts are dependent on one another in the performance of organizational activity

  8. System– Set of parts which interrelate to form a whole and work together to adapt to a changing environment. • Open systems – import and export material from and to the environment • Environment – entities outside of the system that are relevant to the survival of the system • Boundary – part of the system that separates it from its environment (permeable)

  9. Cx – system binder; binds part of system together and binds the system to the environment • Boundary-spanners – move information across boundaries (adaptive function) • Sales, customer service, PR, advertising • Maintenance function – provide flow of information among the sub-systems

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