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Information Systems Security

Information Systems Security. Physical Security Domain #4. Physical Security Areas. Threat Types Threat Sources Vulnerabilities Physical Organization Current Measures Physical Security Procedures Environmental Controls Physical Barriers. Threat Types. Environmental Malicious

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Information Systems Security

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  1. Information Systems Security Physical Security Domain #4

  2. Physical Security Areas • Threat Types • Threat Sources • Vulnerabilities • Physical Organization • Current Measures • Physical Security Procedures • Environmental Controls • Physical Barriers

  3. Threat Types • Environmental • Malicious • Accidental

  4. Layered Defense • Site Location • Physical and Procedural Methods • Physical Controls • Guard Post • Visitor Security • Delivery Security • Fire Control

  5. Fire Detection Systems • Ionization – Reacts to charged particles in smoke • Photoelectric – Reacts to changes in or blockage of light caused by smoke • Heat – Significant changes in ????

  6. Physical Controls • Fencing • Lighting • Locks • Mantraps • Dogs • Guards

  7. Location Consideration • Natural Disasters • Local Crime • Highway/airport access • Customer access • Joint tenants • Proximity to emergency services • Visibility????

  8. Construction Issues • Building Codes • Levels of fire resistance • Data Center Location • No basements or top floors • Controlled access • Do not use partitions

  9. Physical Controls • Locks • Conventional • Pick-resistant • Electronic key systems • Electronic combination lock

  10. Facility Access • Photo ID viewed by a guard • Biometric devices • Card badge reader • Proximity devices • User activated • System sensing • AVOID PIGGYBACKING • Use mantraps

  11. Fencing • 3-4 Feet – deters casual trespassers • 6-7 Feet – hard to climb easily • 8 Feet with 3 strands of barbed wire BEST • Powered Fences • PIDAS Fences • Perimeter Intrusion Detection and Assessment System

  12. Lighting • Required in critical areas • Ensure there are no dead zones • Two candle feet of power at eight feet high

  13. Guards • Best deterrent, but most expensive • Provides discriminating judgment • Watches for piggybacking and suspicious activity • Enforce regulations

  14. Types of Physical IDS • Electro-mechanical • Magnetic switches • Metallic foil in windows • Pressure mats • Volumetric • Vibration • Photoelectric • Ultrasonic and passive infrared

  15. Mobile Devices • Locking cable to anchor • Tracing software • Encryption • Biometric controls

  16. HVAC • Positive air pressure • Air goes out when doors are opened • Protect vent • Dedicated power lines • Emergency switch-off valves • Same rules for water supply

  17. Electrical Power • Dependable primary power source • Alternative power source • Generator • UPS (online and standby) • Additional feeder from substation • Power not always clean and constant • Voltage fluctuations

  18. Power Terms • Fault – momentary loss of power • Blackout – complete loss of power • Sag – momentary low voltage • Spike – momentary high voltage • Surge – prolonged high voltage • Noise – steady interfering disturbance • Transient – short noise disturbance

  19. Electrical Consideration • High Humidity • Can cause corrosion • Low Humidity • Can cause static electricity • Also use antistatic flooring in server areas • Wear antistatic bands when working on internal computer systems

  20. Recommendation • Computer room 60-75 Fahrenheit • Humidity 40% - 60% • 17,000 volts damages circuits

  21. Fire Prevention • Four legs of fire • Heat (Reduce Temperature) • Fuel (Remove fuel) • Oxygen (Remove oxygen) • Chemical Reaction (Disrupt chemical combustion)

  22. Fire Detection Systems • Configured to call fire station • Shuts down HVAC • On and above suspended ceilings • Below raised floors • In air ducts

  23. Fire Types

  24. Extinguishers • Halogenated • Used in place of water • FM-200 • Replacement for Halon • Carbon Dioxide • Does not damage sensitive devices • Dry Chemicals • Not effective against electrical fires

  25. Water Pipes • Wet Pipe • Always contains water • Can freeze in cold weather • Most commonly used • Dry Pipe • Water not in pipe • Released after delay • Allows system shut down before water release

  26. Water Pipes (contd) • Pre-action systems • Water released after a sprinkler head is melted • Deluge system • Sprinkler head is open • Releases a lot of water fast

  27. Extinguishers • Placed within 50 feet of electrical equipment • Inspected four times a year • Clearly marked • Easily reached • Filled with appropriate reagents

  28. Physical Intrusion Detection • Electrical Circuits • Light Beams • Passive IR • Ultrasonic

  29. Management Issues • Physical Security Audits • Drills • Internal Testing • Pen Testing • Maintenance Issues • Education and Training

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