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POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. Prepared by: PCBs - Group. Our Website. CONTENT. What are PCBs? How PCBs get into living organism? Health impacts Ecological impact Policy, regulations for management. Treatment Technologies. PCBs - Group. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.

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POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

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  1. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Prepared by: PCBs - Group Our Website

  2. CONTENT • What are PCBs? • How PCBs get into living organism? • Health impacts • Ecological impact • Policy, regulations for management. • Treatment Technologies PCBs - Group

  3. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS • A chemical with high dielectric constant, chemically inert except under extreme conditions. • PCBs are available under several trade names such as Clophen, Arocler, Kanechlor, Santotherm, Phenoclor and Pyralene. • USED as: • coolants ( in transformers and capacitors); • insulating materials; • hydraulics; • heat transfer fluids; • Lubricants. PCBs - Group

  4. HOW PCBS GET INTO LIVING ORGANISMS ? Three major pathways: • Accidental : ( Yusho, Yucheng and Belgian incidents ); • Occupational; • Environmental. PCBs - Group

  5. HEALTH IMPACTS • Cancer • Non-cancer effects: • Endocrine toxicant • Gastrointestinal or liver toxicant • Immunotoxicant • Neurotoxicant • Reproductive toxicant • Respiratory toxicant • Skin or sense organ toxicant PCBs - Group

  6. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS PCBs - Group

  7. POLICY, REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT • Reduce or elimination at the source: • Ban Producing, distribution in commerce: Japan in 1972, United State 1977, Canada 1980, UK 1977 (mainly in developed countries)… • Substitute PCBs by other substances: mineral oil, diphenylmethanes; diisopropylnaphthalene; and phenylxylyl ethane… • Stockholm Convention (mainly applied for developing countries) • Enter into force on 17 May 2004 • Eliminate the use of PCBs in equipments by 2025 • Basel Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal PCBs - Group

  8. POLICY, REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT • Proper storage: • All equipment containing PCBs in a concentration exceeding 50 ppm should be clearly labelled as these figures. • Storage facilities must meet the regulations relating to health, safety and environment • Occupational Health and Safety: Handling PCB fluids, or potential for close contact with PCBs exists: Proper clothing; Eye protection; Chemical safety goggles; Boots or overshoes… • Standards for PCB-Contaminated Products or Wastes: Hazardous waste; Water; Food; Workplace. PCBs - Group

  9. High temperature 1000oC- 1600 oC + O2 CO2 + H2O +HCl TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Thermal treatment: • Incineration: Destruction of PCBs at high temperature: 1000oC- 1600oC • Advantage: Destruction and removal efficiency must be equivalent to 99.9999% with 1.5-sec residence time at 1200oC and 3% of excess oxygen in stack. • Disadvantages: Form dioxins and furans • Kinds of incinerator: Rotary kilns, combustion chambers equipped with an afterburner and an air pollution control system • Costs: $200 per ton for a mobile incinerator to as high as $2,300 for fixed incineration of PCBs PCBs - Group

  10. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Thermal treatment: • Thermal Desorption Thermal Blankets and Wells: Reduce the PCBs concentration in soil from 2200ppm to less than 2ppm • Contaminants are vaporized by heating the soil with the blanket. • Drawn out of the soil and through the blanket by a vacuum system. • Vapors are destroyed in the extremely hot soil near the heat source. • Remaining vapors are cleaned in thermal oxidizer (The flameless thermal oxidizer is 1000oC) and activated carbon filters. • Costs: Range between $90 to $380 per ton PCBs - Group

  11. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Non-Thermal treatment: • Biological Method: If concentration of PCB < 100ppm apply directly this method, If concentration >100ppm, pre treatment is required • UV irradiation Reduce PCBs < 100ppm • Comamonas testosteroni (microorganism) TK102 reduced PCBs 100ppm to 10ppm within 2 days • Rhodococcus opacus TSP203 reduced PCBs from 10ppm to less than 0.003 ppm in about 10 days. • Products: water, carbon dioxide, and chlorine PCBs - Group

  12. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES • Non-Thermal treatment: • Chemical extraction: Metal-sodium-dispersion oil declorination (OSD) method • Fine metal Na particles dispersed in oil is mixed with PCBs to dechlorinate the PCB. • The treated liquid: recycled oil, NaOH, NaCl, biphenyl and biphenyl compounds. • Concentration after treatment is lower than 0.001 mg/l • Costs: $245 to $800/tone (Source: http://www.furukawa.co.jp/review/fr024/fr24_18.pdf) PCBs - Group

  13. THE END Thank you for attention PCBs - Group

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