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PREPARED BY Prof M. D. Karambe

Learn about the working principle, layout, and main equipments of thermal power plants. Explore waste management, advantages, and disadvantages of this energy generation method.

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PREPARED BY Prof M. D. Karambe

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  1. PREPARED BY Prof M. D. Karambe

  2. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • WORKINGPRINCIPLE • GENERAL LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWERPLANT • MAINEQUIPMENTS • WASTE GENERATED AND THEIRCONTROL • ADVANTAGES ANDDISADVANTAGES • REFERENCES

  3. INTRODUCTION • A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in aboilerwhich converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in turbineproduces mechanical power which drives the alternator coupled to the turbine.Thermal Power Plants contribute maximum to the generation of Power for anycountry. • Thermal Power Plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed captive and non-captive power generation inIndia. • In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are employed as primary sources ofenergy.

  4. WORKINGPRINCIPLE • Firstly the water is taken into the boiler from a watersource. • The boiler is heated with the help ofcoal. • The increase in temperature helps in the transformation of water into steam. The steam generated in the boiler issent through a steamturbine. • The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam flows across them. This rotation of turbine blades is usedto generateelectricity. • A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the turbine turns, electricity is generated and given as outputby the generator, which is then supplied to the consumers through high-voltage powerlines.

  5. GENERAL LAYOUT OFTHERMAL POWER PLANT

  6. MAINEQUIPMENTS • Coal handlingplant • Pulverizingplant • Boiler • Turbine • Condenser • Cooling towers andponds • Feed water heater • Economizer • Airpreheater

  7. COAL HANDLINGPLANT • Coal is transported to power station by rail or road and stored in coal storage plant and thenpulverized. • The function ofcoalhandlingplantisautomatic feedingofcoal to the boiler furnace. • A thermalpowerplant burns enormous amountsof coal. • A 200MWplant may require around 2000 tons of coal daily.

  8. PULVERIZINGPLANT • Inmodernthermal powerplant,coal ispulverizedi.e. ground to dust like size and carried to the furnace in a stream of hot air. Pulverizing is a means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen and consequently helpingcombustion. • Pulverizing process consists 3 stages classifiedas: • Feeding • Drying • Grinding

  9. BOILER • The function of boiler is to generatesteamat desired pressureand temperature by transferring heat produced by burning of fuel in a furnace to change water intosteam. • TURBINE • In thermal power plants generally 3 turbines are used to increasesthe efficiency. • High pressureturbine • Intermediate pressureturbine • Low pressureturbine

  10. CONDENSER The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger where cooling water flows through tubes and exhaust steam fed into the shell surrounds the tubes. as a result, steam condense outside thetubes.

  11. COOLING TOWERSAND PONDS • A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense thesteam. • Most plants use cooled cooling system where warm water coming from condenser is cooled andreused. • Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure with the height of150m.

  12. FEED WATERHEATER • Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency. • Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the boiler drum areavoided. • Quality of steam produced by the boiler is increased.

  13. ECONOMIZER • Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. An economizer extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feedwater. • Saving coal consumption and higher boilerefficiency.

  14. AIRPREHEATER • The function of air preheaters is to preheat the air before entering to the furnace by utilizing some of the energy left in the flue gases before exhausting them to theatmosphere. • After flue gases leave economizer, some further heat can be extracted from them and used to heat incoming heat. Cooling of flue gases by 20 degree centigrade increases the plant efficiency by1%.

  15. WASTE GENERATEDAND THEIRCONTROL • ASH HANDLINGPLANT • WATER HANDLINGPLANT

  16. ASH HANDLINGPLANT • The ash from the boiler is collected in two forms- • Bottom ash(slurry): It's a waste whichis dumped into ashpond. • Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from flue gasesin esp.

  17. WATER HANDLINGPLANT • Water in a Power Plantisused for:- • Production of Steam- for rotatingturbine. • Cooling Purpose- Forcoolingof various equipment. • Water is recycled and used for variouspurpose: RawWater Condenser ForCoolingPurposesSteam RawWater • About 4 cubic meter water islost/day/mw.

  18. ADVANTAGES: • The fuel used is quitecheap. • Less initial cost as compare to other generatingstations. • It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal. The coal can be transported to the site of plant by rail orroads. • DISADVANTAGES: • It pollutes the atmosphere due to producing largeamount of smoke andfumes. • Higher maintenance cost and operationalcost. • Huge requirement ofwater.

  19. Thankyou

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