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An Age of Division 78 南北朝【NánBěiCháo】 the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD). Southern Dynasties Significance of the Battle of River Fei (386 AD) (381) (Compare the Battle of Red Cliff (208/9 AD)
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An Age of Division 78南北朝【NánBěiCháo】 the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD) • Southern Dynasties • Significance of the Battle of River Fei (386 AD) • (381) (Compare the Battle of Red Cliff (208/9 AD) • the Southern Dynasties (420-589), namely, the Song Dynasty (宋, 420-479), the Qi Dynasty (齐, 479-502), the Liang Dynasty (粱, 502-557) and the Chen dynasty (陈, 557-589). • Northern Dynasties • Northern Wei 386–534 AD • Eastern Wei 534–550 AD • Western Wei 535–557 AD • Northern Qi 550–577 AD • Northern Zhou 557 to 581 AD
Xiao Yan: Emperor Wu of Liang梁武帝萧衍reign 502-549 (Ebrey 67) • Patron of Buddhism and Literature/Art • Xiao Tong 萧统(501–531) --太子 • 【tàizǐ】 the crown prince, famous for Wenxuan, the first literary anthologyorganized by 39 genres with Fu appearing first; • Rebellion of Hong Jing (548 AD)
《赠逸民十一》To the Hermit by Xiao Yan • rú lǒng shēng mù mù yǒu yì xīn • 如 垄 生 木。 木 有 异 心。 • rú lín míng niǎo niǎo yǒu shū yīn • 如 林 鸣 鸟。 鸟 有 殊 音。 • rú jiāng yóu yú yú yǒu fú chén • 如 江 游 鱼。 鱼 有 浮 沉。 • yán yán shān gāo zhàn zhàn shuǐ shēn • 岩 岩 山 高。 湛 湛 水 深。 • shì jì yì jiàn lǐ xiàng nán xún • 事 迹 易 见。 理 相 难 寻。
To the Hermit • As a raised path nurtures the tree--the tree has a separate mind; • As woods give voice to the bird--the bird sings a different song; • As the river floats the fish--the fish go their own way. • Cliff on cliff, mountain high: clear, clear, water dark: • The marks of things are visible; the grain of the heart is hard to find. • Trans. by Weizhi Gao
文选【wénxuǎn】 selected works; literary selection 81 • Significance: the first anthology of Chinese literature organized by (39) genres; this anthology paved the way and set the norm for later collections; • Best Translation, especially Han Fu • David R. Knechtges
Further ReadingsSelections of Literature • Sample of Han Fu • http://uwch-4.humanities.washington.edu/~WG/~188/188%20Course%20Reader_2011/ • Intro to Wenxuan • Preface to Wenxuan
Rebellion of Hong Jing 侯景548 AD • What pattern can we infer from this trouble? • The gate to Jiankang (now Nanjing), capital of the Southern Liang Dynasty, was opened by one of the princes… • Xiao Zhengde 萧正德 • Adopted son (fairness over the crown prince Xiao Tong 萧统) • The easiest is to breach a fortress from within. • --Lenin • The Rebellion of An Lushan in the Tang Dynasty (East Asia 100) 755-762 AD • Tension between An Lushan and Yang Guozhong whose sister was Yang Yuhuan • 贵妃【guìfēi】 highest-ranking imperial concubine
Four Xiaos 四萧 • Xiao Yan • Xiao Tong (501–531), most famous for Wen Xuan, Selections of the Refined Literature; Xiao Tong died young after an incident; • Xiao Gang • Xiao Yi • Read David Knechtges’ Intro to Wen Xuan.